Lecture 1 Flashcards
Where do mental processes take place: Ancient Egyptians?
Heart is the seat of mental processes
Where do mental processes take place: Aristotle?
Heart is the seat of mental processes.
Where do mental processes take place: Hippocrates, Plato?
The brain is the seat of the mind.
Who is Herophilos of Chalcedon?
An anatomist, Egypt
Clearly associated the brain with behavior
Distinguished sensory vs motor nerves
Who is Aelius Galenus?
Galen is a Greek physician in Rome
Believed that the cerebellum controls muscles due to its density and complexity.
Who is Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya?
Persian physician-scientist in Iran and Iraq
Early proponent of experimental methods
Who was Hassan Ibn al-Haytham?
Arab scientist from Basra
Argued that vision occurs in the brain.
Who is Leonardo Da Vinci?
Believed that thoughts raised within the chambers in the brain (ventricles).
Who is Andreas Vesalius?
Belgian anatomist and physician
Described the anatomy of the brain and noted that nerves are connected to the brain and not the heart.
Who is Thomas Willis?
English physician
Challenged the idea that ventricles were central to sensation and thought
Notes relationship between brain damage and specific behavioral deficits
Count the term Neurology.
Who is Fran’s Joseph Gall?
Brought attention to brain as enabler of the mind.
Idea that different brain functions are localized to discrete brain regions.
What was the bad of localization?
It brought superiority of based on the shape of the head.
Said that the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes and tendencies.
Who is Pierre Flourens?
Challenged Gall’s localization view for cognitive functions like memory, which he believed were distributed in the brain.
Showed evidence that different brain regions controlled different functions such as the cerebellum for balance and cortex for perception.
This is a holist approach.
Who is Karl Lashley?
Created the law of mass action and equipotentiality.
What is the law of mass action?
Extent of the brain damage corresponds to extent of cognitive deficits.
