lecture 1 Flashcards
Name some weak acids
Na, Mg, Ca, or sodium drugs, magnesium drugs, calcium drugs,
name some weak bases
Cl or SO4, hydrochloride drugs and sulfate drugs
What is the resting membrane potential voltage
-70 to -90, during transfer of signal when the sodium channels close and it is at its greatest is +50
What are the 3 functional sates of Na channels
Resting, open, and inactive. The only time sodium is blocked is during the inactive form
name some esters
procaine, chloroprocaine, tetracaine, cocaine
name some amides
lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine, etidocaine, articaine,
What do we need to know about bupivacaine
it is much more cardio toxic
Lipid solubility directly correlates to
LA potency
Protein binding directly correlates to
LA duration
Onset of Action indirectly correlates to
LA ionization
All LA produce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle except
Cocaine, Ropivacaine, and lidocaine
What LA have vasoconstrictive properties
Ropivacaine and lidocaine,,,, Cocaine provides vasoconstrictive properties due to blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine
What determines the peak plasma concentration
Total Dose,,, NOT- Volume or Concentration
What are some LA additives
adrenergic agonists, opioids, NaHCO3, ketorolac, hyaluronidase
Epinephrine, what is its uses for LA
serves as a marker for intramuscular injections, and reduces vascular absorption
Tissue sites with blood flow and absorption
In time I can please everyone but susie & sally IV, Tracheal, Intercostal, Caudal, Paracervical, Epidural, Brachial Plexus, Subarachnoid/sciatic/femoral , subcutaneous
Ion Trapping?
LA becomes more Ionized,, trapping LA within Fetal circulation LA injected into infected tissue renders it ineffective due to decreased lipid solubility
Fetal PH and LA?
the lower the fetal pH, the greater the amount of LA in the ionized form in the fetus
Strategy for Acid base problems
1, is the drug a weak acid or weak base 2, what’s the drug’s pKa 3, Know pH of target solution
Acid plus Acid
unionized
Acid base
ionized
esters LA’s are derivites of what acid
carboxalic acid
What is the metabolism of esters
metabolism of esterase in plasma, red blood cells, and the liver, plasma chlinesterase
3 names for the enzyme responsible for metabolizing succinylcholine
seudocholenesterase deficient or have atypical plasma cholenesterase
