Lecture 1

Question 1

Immunology as a science has its roots in the study of ________ , the condition of being resistant to infection.

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

Edward Jenner observed that milkmaids who were exposed to ______ had apparent immunity to _______.

Answer 2

cowpox ; smallpox

Question 3

In the _______, the Chinese developed the practice of ________ .

“… inhaling powder made from smallpox scabs in order to produce protection against this dreaded disease.”

Answer 3

1500s ; VARIOLATION

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Question 10

What are the functions of the Immune System?

Answer 10

• it functions to recognize, respond to, and destroy a wide variety of invading organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that otherwise would be capable of promoting infection that is harmful to the body.
• it also maintains surveillance over the appearance of new or foreign antigens on tumor cells and attempts to destroy them while leaving unharmed the normal (or self) antigens on healthy cells.
• it is responsible for rejection of allogeneic organ/tissue transplants and graft-versus-host disease.

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Question 18

__________ can be defined as the study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body.

Answer 18

Immunology

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Question 31

In 1700s, English country doctor _______ discovered ________ .

Answer 31

Edward Jenner ; cross-immunity

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Question 44

A foreign substance that induces such an immune response is called an ________.

Answer 44

Antigen

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Question 49

Edward Jenner deliberately injected individuals with material from a cowpox lesion and then exposed them to smallpox. This procedure of injecting cellular material became known as ________ , from ______ , the Latin word for “cow.”

Answer 49

vaccination ; vacca

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