Lecture 1

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Group of individuals of the same
species living in a given territory,
associated by social or reproductive
links

Question 2

Biotope

Answer 2

Fundamental unit of the environment
topographically identifiable and
characterized by the biocoenosis
that populates it

Question 3

Biocenosis

Answer 3

Biological association of different
species of plants or animals living in
the same territory

Question 4

Ecological niche

Answer 4

Functional position of an organism

in the ecosystem

Question 5

Habitat

Answer 5

Type of environment (physical and
biological) in which an organism
lives

Question 6

Producers

Answer 6

They are plants, autotrophic organisms (able to synthesize organic
matter starting from inorganic material)

Question 7

Primary consumers

Answer 7

They are herbivores, which feed at
the expense of organic matter
synthesized by plants

Question 8

Seconday consumers

Answer 8

They are carnivorous predators of

herbivores

Question 9

Tertiary consumers

Answer 9

They are predatory carnivores of
both herbivores and other
carnivores

Question 10

Detritivores

Decomposers

Answer 10

They decompose the organic 
substance giving back to 
the producers the inorganic 
material with which the 
cycle is restarted

Question 11

Biodiversity hotspots of the World are defined as:

Answer 11

regions “where exceptional concentrations of endemic species
are undergoing an exceptional loss of habitat”