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Geography of Hazards > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hazard

A

a process that poses a potential threat to people or the environment

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2
Q

Risk

A

The probability of an event occurring multiplied by the impact on people on the environment

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3
Q

Disaster

A

A brief event that causes great property damage or loss of life

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4
Q

Catastrophe

A

A massive disaster

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5
Q

Most likely to be catastrophic

A

Tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, hurricanes, floods

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6
Q

Less likely to be catastrophic

A

Landslides, avalanches, wildfires, tornadoes

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7
Q

The impact of a hazard is a function of both its ________ and __________

A

Magnitude, frequency

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8
Q

Magnitude-Frequency Concept

A

There is an inverse relationship between magnitude and frequency

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9
Q

The Geologic Cycle

A

Tectonic Cycle, Rock Cycle, Hydrologic Cycle

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10
Q

The Tectonic Cycle

A

Involves the creation, movement and destruction of tectonic plates

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11
Q

Tectonic Plates

A

Large blocks of the Earth’s crust that form its outer shell; there are 14 plates

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12
Q

Inner Core

A

Extremely hot and solid

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13
Q

asthenosphere (upper mantle)

A

composed of hot magma with some flow

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14
Q

Lithosphere

A

a thin and brittle crust

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15
Q

The two types of crust are:

A

Oceanic and Continental

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16
Q

Oceanic Crust

A

dense, thin (averages 7km thickness)

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17
Q

Continental Crust

A

relatively buoyant, thick (average 30km thickness)

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18
Q

The ____ forms the upper part of the _______ and is broken into _________ (plates)

A

crust, lithosphere, fragments

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19
Q

What causes the movements of the plates?

A

convection currents within the mantle

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20
Q

Types of plate boundaries

A

convergent, divergent, transform

21
Q

Divergent Plate Boundaries

A
  • plates move away from each other
  • new land is created at these locations
  • divergence results in seafloor spreading and causes oceanic ridges to form
22
Q

Convergent Plate Boundaries

A
  • plates move toward each other
23
Q

Convergent Plate Boundaries: Collisions involving oceanic and continental crust result in:

A

Subduction Zones:

  • dense ocean plates sink and melt
  • the melted magma rises to form volcanoes
24
Q

Collisions involving two continental plates result in:

A

Collision Boundaries:

  • neither plate sinks
  • tall mountains tend to form (Himalayas)
25
Q

Transform Boundaries

A

plates slide horizontally past each other

26
Q

The zone along which the movement occurs is called a

A

transform vault

27
Q

The Rock Cycle

A
  • a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals
  • the rock cycle refers to a group of interrelated processes that produce the three different rock types:
  • igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
27
Q

The Rock Cycle

A
  • a rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals
  • the rock cycle refers to a group of interrelated processes that produce the three different rock types:
  • igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
28
Q

The Hydrologic Cycle

A

The movement and exchange of water among the land, atmosphere, and oceans by changes in state

29
Q

What is necessary in order to reduce loss?

A

predication and forecasts

30
Q

Prediction

A

A specific time, date, location and magnitude of the event

31
Q

forecast

A

a range of probability for the event

32
Q

Theme 2:

A

Understanding Hazardous Processes to Evaluate Risk

33
Q

Theme 2:

A

Understanding Hazardous Processes to Evaluate Risk

34
Q

Risk =

A

(probability of event) x (consequences)

35
Q

Consequences

A

damage to people, property, the environment, the economy

36
Q

Acceptable risk:

A

the amount of risk that an individual is willing to take

37
Q

What determines acceptable risk?

A

the frequency of an event

38
Q

Theme 3:

A

Hazards are Linked

39
Q

Theme 4

A

The Increasing Risk of Hazards

40
Q

Theme 5:

A

Consequences can be Reduced

41
Q

Direct Effects:

A

deaths, injuries, displacement of people, damage to property

42
Q

Indirect Effects

A

crop failure, starvation, emotional distress, loss of employment

43
Q

Reactive Approaches to Hazards

A

recovery, search and rescue, providing emergency food, water, shelter and rebuilding

44
Q

Proactive approaches to Hazards

A 
land-use planning
building codes
insurance
evacuation planning
disaster preparedness
artificial control
45
Q

What are benefits called in Hazardous Events?

A

Natural Service Functions

ex: flooding provides nutrients for soil

46
Q

What are the major course themes?

A
  1. Hazards can be understood
  2. The understanding of hazardous processes is needed to evaluate risk
  3. Hazards are linked to each other
  4. Population growth and socio-economic changes are increasing the risk from hazards
  5. The consequences of hazards can be reduced
46
Q

What are the major course themes?

A
  1. Hazards can be understood
  2. The understanding of hazardous processes is needed to evaluate risk
  3. Hazards are linked to each other
  4. Population growth and socio-economic changes are increasing the risk from hazards
  5. The consequences of hazards can be reduced

Geography of Hazards (4 decks)

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