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Medical Ethics > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is Philosophy?

A

It’s an enterprise that essentially involves a systematic process of deep, critical thinking

Investigation of reason and a search for reasons

The love of wisdom

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2
Q

What are the 3 major branches of philosop?

A

Metaphysics – investigates the structure & nature of reality

Logic – studies the realm of valid reasoning

Epistemology – addresses theories of knowledge, e.g. ‘truth’, ‘beliefs’ and the nature of evidence

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3
Q

What is Metaphysics?

A

investigates the structure & nature of reality

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4
Q

What is Logic?

A

studies the realm of valid reasoning

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5
Q

What is Epistemology?

A

addresses theories of knowledge, e.g. ‘truth’, ‘beliefs’ and the nature of evidence

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6
Q

What is Moral Philosophy?

A

Sub. Ranch of philosophy

AKA ETHICS

the ‘moral’ refers to ‘morality’

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7
Q

What a a synonyms for Ethics?

A

Moral Philosophy

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8
Q

What is Morality?

A

Moral rules, obligations, principles, values, virtues and prohibition that address the questions:

●What does it mean to live morally?
●How should we live well?

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9
Q

Through philosophical thinking, we examine?

A

Our actions

Our omissions

Our moral character

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10
Q

What are the two central questions of Western ethics?

A

What should one do?

How should one be ?

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11
Q

What does Science tell us?

A

Aim to tell us how the world I, what we do and how things work

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12
Q

The theory of knowledge that ground the science is called?

A

Empiricism

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13
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

Empiricism claims that knowledge is created by use of the special senses & its created through experience

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14
Q

In empirical thinking, scientists search for?

A

‘ Facts’ and the ‘Objective truth’

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15
Q

What are the methods scientists use in Empirical thinking?

A

Observations

Measurements

Experiments to formulate and test theories and hypotheses

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16
Q

What is Rationalism?

A

Theory of know that grounds philosophy

17
Q

What theory of knowledge grounds philosophy?

A

Rationalism

18
Q

What is Rationalism?

A

Rationalism claims that knowledge can be a priori (prior to sense experience); knowledge can be created through rational thought, or through reason

19
Q

Philosophers seek to propose?

A

Rational defensible arguments & to examine the merits and criticisms of a wide range of arguments

20
Q

What are examples of philosophical methods?

A 
●Rational argument & counter argument
●Slippery slope arguments
●Argument by analogy
●Examples
●Intuition
21
Q

What are the 3 stages of Rational Argument?

A

●Propose premise(s)
●Support with reason(s)
●Draw conclusion(s)

22
Q

Define Ethics

A

Various ways of understanding and examining the moral life

23
Q

What areas influence our ethics?

A

Personal ethics

Group ethics

24
Q

What is Personal ethics?

A

These beliefs concern the way we should act, the way we should conduct ourselves and the way we should be towards others

25
Q

What is Group ethics?

A

This concerns the ethics of a group of people

examples: professional groups as doctors and nurses

26
Q

What influence Group ethics?

A
  • Statements, rules and regulations

* Compliance with these rules

27
Q

Ethics is the same as law

True or false?

A

False

It is now

28
Q

Ethics is just a ‘code of conduct’

True or false

A

False

29
Q

What is the Professional ethics for doctors?

A

Good medical practice- GMC

‘Good doctors make the care of their patients their first concern; they are competent, keep their knowledge and skills up to date, establish and maintain good relationships with patients and colleagues, are honest and trustworthy, and act with integrity.’

30
Q

Usefulness of medical ethics?

A

The study of ethics prepares medical students to recognise difficult situations and to deal with them in a rational and principled way.

31
Q

What are the two important endeavours in medicine?

A
  • Doctors work to promote patients’ health and their well-being
  • Doctors aim to prevent patients from being harmed

The above two endeavours are moral in nature

32
Q

Why should doctors understand ethics?

A
  1. if you understand morality (including your own); and
  2. if you understand ethics and can apply it well in (often) difficult situations;
  3. then the care that you give should be morally good; and ultimately
  4. the patient’s journey through illness – via the helping, trusting relationship – will be facilitated and it should be less distressing than it might otherwise have been

Medical Ethics (3 decks)

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