Lecture 07 Evaluating Arguments some basic questions Flashcards
What are the 7 successful argument patterns
1) Modus Ponens
If A then B
A
B
2) Disjunctive Argument
Either A or B
Not A
B
3) Modus Tollens
If A then B
Not B
Not A
- *4) Hypothetical Argument**
If A then B
If B then C
If A then C
5) Chain Argument
A
If A then B
If B then C
A
6) Predicate Instantiation
All P1’s are P2’s
m is a P1
m is a P2
7) Universal Syllogism
All P1’s are P2’s
All P2’s are P3’s
All P1’s are P3’s.
What are the 2 questions to consider when evaluating and argument.
- Does the conclusion follow from the premises
- Should the premises be accepted as true.
What is the universal claim of patterns in arguments
For a pattern of an argument that is valid, then
any argument with the same pattern is valid.
To show that the conclusion of an argument does not follow from the premises, you should
- Determine the pattern
- Make up a new argument, with
a. the same pattern
b. obviously true premises, and
c. an OBVIOUSLY false conclusion.
A second method is too simply explain how the conclusion is false. By explanation.