Lecture 05 - Virtualization

Question 1

Kernel

Answer 1

Core of the OS with privileged instructions for resource management

Question 2

User Mode

Answer 2

Restricted mode for applications without direct access to privileged instructions

Question 3

Protection Rings

Answer 3

Levels of privilege for memory segments and CPU execution

Question 4

System Calls

Answer 4

User process requests to the kernel for privileged actions

Question 5

Context Switching

Answer 5

Kernel-controlled process switching for CPU utilization

Question 6

Virtualization

Answer 6

Abstracting hardware for OS and application independence

Question 7

Abstraction Layer

Answer 7

Virtualization’s separation of resources from physical delivery

Question 8

Hypervisor

Answer 8

Software enabling virtualization by managing multiple OS on one hardware

Question 9

OS-level virtualization

Answer 9

Allows multiple secure virtual servers to run on one OS

Question 10

Application-level virtualization

Answer 10

Application runtime behavior similar to interfacing with original OS

Question 11

Paravirtualization

Answer 11

VM presents a software interface similar to underlying hardware

Question 12

Qubes OS

Answer 12

Secure OS based on Xen hypervisor with sandboxed networking and USB

Question 13

VM escape

Answer 13

Attacks breaking out of virtual machine isolation

Question 14

Application privilege escalation

Answer 14

Gaining higher application privileges than intended

Question 15

Just-In-Time (JIT) spraying

Answer 15

Exploiting JIT compilation to bypass ASLR protection