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BIOL 208 > lecture 05 - aquatic niche species > Flashcards

lecture 05 - aquatic niche species Flashcards

1
Q

what are the layers of soil?

A

organic
surface
subsoil
substratum
bedrock

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2
Q

what influences the number of horizons in the soil?

A

soil depth
water (how water moves through soil)
permeation
weathering
parent materials
vegetation

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3
Q

how are soil organisms important?

A

form soil structure (particles joining together)
regulate soil moisture
perform gas exchange and carbon sequestration
vital in nutrient cycling
decompose dead matter (plants and animals)
control plant growth

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4
Q

what percentage of the earth is water?

A

71% of earth

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5
Q

what percentage of that earths water is composed of ocean water?

A

97%

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6
Q

what percentage of the earths water are glaciers?

A

2%

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7
Q

what percentage of the earths water are in lakes, etc.

A

1%

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8
Q

what are the aquatic zones

A

epipelagic zone (photic zone)
mesopelagic zone
bathypelagic zone
abyssal zone
hadal zone (some organisms are restricted to this zone)

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of the photic zone?

A

surface - 200m depth
vast majority of light is absorbed in this zone
vibrant coloured organisms
photosynthesis can occur

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10
Q

what is limnology?

A

the study of inland aquatic systems

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11
Q

what is considered as running water?

A

rivers, creeks and streams

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12
Q

what are the aquatic zones of running water?

A

water column
benthic zone (right above substrate)
hyporheic zone (transition zone)
phreatic zone

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13
Q

what part of running water stays wet all year round?

A

wetted channel

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14
Q

what channel only contains water depending on the year

A

active channel

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15
Q

what zone draws water from groundwater and can be between terrestrial and aquatic?

A

the riparian zone

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16
Q

what is considered as still water?

A

lakes and ponds

17
Q

what is the littoral zone?

A

along the lake edge of still water

18
Q

what is the limnetic zone?

A

the open lake/pond

19
Q

what are the layers of still water?

A

epilimnion
metalimnion
hypolimnion

20
Q

what are the characteristics of the epilimnion layer?

A

warm layer, phytoplankton, fish and birds

21
Q

what are the characteristics of the metalimnion layer?

A

rapid decrease in temperature, thermocline between Epi and hypolimnion

22
Q

what are the characteristics of the hypolimnion layer?

A

dark, cold, low O2 due to decomposition of organic matter

23
Q

why does the hypolimnion have low O2?

A

organic matter depletes it

24
Q

what is a eutrophic productive lake?

A

higher temperatures, high nutrients (of phosphorus and nitrogen) , has low oxygen (not as much life)

25
Q

what is a dystrophic productive lake?

A

has humic acids with high acidity (looks brown) and low pH which doesn’t support much life

26
Q

what is an oligotrophic productive lake?

A

high O2 with low nutrients (of phosphorus and nitrogen) and lower temperatures

27
Q

what can the wetlands be composed of?

A

bogs and fens

28
Q

what are bogs?

A

rainwater source (stagnant = acidic)
gets water from rain and it stays in the bogs all year round
lumpy
diverse vegetation including carnivorous plants

29
Q

what are fens?

A

groundwater source (get water from below)
variable pH
flat
low plant diversity

30
Q

what is a niche?

A

the environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) in which an organism can survive, grow and reproduce

31
Q

what is a fundamental niche?

A

physical conditions under which a species might live in the absence of interactions with other species

32
Q

what is a realized niche?

A

environmental conditions under which a species might live when restricted by interactions with other species

33
Q

what is the hutchinsonian niche concept?

A

all the things in all the world that influence where something lives and lives its best life, every factor is taken into account.w

34
Q

why are niches characterized

A

characterizing the niche can allow us to predict where we might find a species

35
Q

how can we characterize niches?

A

climate modeling
- temperature
- precipitation
- seasonality (when there is temp and precipitation)

geographic information systems (GIS)

behavioural observations

36
Q

what is the competitive exclusion principle?

A

no two species can occupy the exact same realized niche; eventually one will out compete the other

37
Q

what is the avoidance strategy?

A

each species may occupy the same tree (for example) but they occupy different sections of the tree so they are not in the same realized niche as other species (avoiding)

38
Q

what is niche partitioning

A

when species in a community use limiting factors (resources) in different ways, they occupy different realized niches and coexist

BIOL 208 (16 decks)

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