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Pharmacology I _ Exam 2 Material > Lecture 04_Fall > Flashcards

Lecture 04_Fall Flashcards

2
Q

What does the Meyer-Overton Rule state?

A

Potency correlates with lipid solubility

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3
Q

T or F. Partial pressures are additive?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

____ is the amount of gas dissolved in a solution.

A

Concentration

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5
Q

___ = volume of gas / volume of liquid

A

solubility

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6
Q

Gases equilibrate based on ___, not based on ___.

A

Partial Pressure, not concentrations

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7
Q

T or F. Fractional concentration (F) is equal to partial pressure (P)?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Which three areas of the brain are responsible for the amnesia caused by GA?

A

hippocampus, amygdala, temporal lobe

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9
Q

T or F. Inhalational anesthetics are gases that are rapidly transferred bidirectionally via the lungs to and from the bloodstream and subsequently to and from the tissues of the CNS as partial pressures equiliberate?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

A gas with high solubility will have a partition coefficient _ 1? (is it >,<, or =)

A

A gas with high solubility will have a partition coefficient > = 1

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11
Q

What determines how much gas can dissolve in a given solution?

A

The solubility coefficient / partition coefficient

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12
Q

An ideal anesthetic gas has a higher or lower solubility?

A

You want low solubility. With low solubility, you have less agent in the blood and more in the gas phase. You need to dissolve less gas in order to generate a certain partial pressure

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13
Q

A fast induction is defined as __/__ –> ___ quickly.

A

FA / FI –> 1 quickly

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14
Q

Put the following in order from fastest to slowest for rate of induction: Iso, Sevo, Halothane, N20, Des

A

N2O, Des, Sevo, Iso, Halo

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15
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient for halothane?

A

2.4

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16
Q

What is the blood:gas partition coefficient for N2O?

A

0.47

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17
Q

Non-soluble agents leave the lungs fast/slow which leads to faster induction.

A

slow

18
Q

Uptake = agent moving from ___ –> ____.

A

Lungs to blood

19
Q

high uptake leads to __ induction

A

slow

20
Q

T or F. A large gradient between the agent in the blood and the agent in the lungs leads to a faster induction.

A

False. A small gradient means that uptake will be low and induction will be fast.

21
Q

What does uptake depend on?

A

agents solubility, cardiac output, and the difference in partial pressure of the anesthetic agent in the alveoli and pulmonary blood

22
Q

Cardiac output functions as a ____ feedback loop for induction.

A

Cardiac output functions as a positive feedback loop. Low CO –> rapid induction –> lower CO…Positive Feedback Loop

23
Q

What factors effect the speed of induction?

A

Uptake (Solubility x CO X (Palveoli - Pvenous))VentilationConcentration

24
Q

Ventilation acts as ____ feedback loop for induction.

A

high vent -> rapid induction -> lower ventilation…negative feedback loop

25
Q

As ventilation increases, rate of induction ____.

A

Increases

26
Q

The ____ Effect explains why N2O has a faster induction rate than Desflurane.

A

The Concentration Effect (“Overpressurization”)

27
Q

T or F. Induction is faster with N20 than Desflurane because N20 is less soluble than Desflurane.

A

False. Even though Des is less soluble than N2O, induction is faster with N2O because the inhaled concentration of N2O is greater than the concentration of Des.

28
Q

T or F. The Concentration Effect is seen with induction using N2O with another anesthetic gas - when N2O gets absorbed, the other gas is concentrated and FA increases leading to a faster induction rate.

A

False. This is called The Second Gas Effect

29
Q

T or F. A V/Q mismatch would explain why Fa does not = FA.

A

TRUE

30
Q

T or F. There is no metabolism of inhalational anesthetics. They are eliminated through the lungs during exhalation.

A

False. There is some metabolism seen with halothane and methoxyflurane

31
Q

If you are using N2O and extubate to room air, the patient could experience ______ as N2O floods the alveolus and dilutes the oxygen.

A

diffusion hypoxia

Pharmacology I _ Exam 2 Material (4 decks)

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