Lecture 03 ROM And MEASUREMENTS

Question 1

3 Cardinal planes

Answer 1

1. Sagittal
2. Frontal/coronal
3. Horizontal/transverse

Question 2

3 types of joints

Answer 2

1. Fibrous= skull articulation
2. Cartilaginous= disc between vertebrae
3. Synovial= extremities

Question 3

Planes of motion:

Answer 3

1. Sagittal= flexion/extension
2. Transverse= rotation
3. Coronal= sidebending

Question 4

Different types of “end feel” of ROM

Answer 4

1. Bouncy/rubbery= viscersomatic reflex
2. Firm=microtraumatic (overuse)
3. Sloppy= ligamentous laxity
4. Elastic= normal
5. Abrupt= osteoarthritis
6. Hard= somatic dysfunction
7. Empty= stop due to pain
8. Crisp= involuntary muscle guarding

Question 5

What is flexibility

Answer 5

• ROM commonly present in joint or group of joints that allows normal and unimpaired function
  1. static= maximal ROM joint can achieve with externally applied force
  2. dynamic= ROM person can produce and speed they can produce it

*stiffness= reduced ROM

Question 6

What is “Linkage”

Answer 6

• joint mechanics with surrounding structures
• by linking multiple structures together you get increased ROM
• important to isolate what you wish to examine (blocking) to get accurate measurement

Question 7

What is a goniometer?

Answer 7

• device used for actual measurement
• place at joint fulcrum (stationary arm over body and moveable arm of moving part) follow pt movement with moveable arm
• offers objective value (pre-operative)
• compare with other side and normative values

Question 8

Cervical spine joint ROM:

Rotation

Answer 8

• passive rotation= 70-90 deg

- whole rotation= 140-180 deg

Question 9

Cervical spine joint ROM:

Sidebending

Answer 9

• passive sidebending= 20-45 deg

- whole sidebending= 40-90 deg

Question 10

Cervical spine joint ROM:

Felxion/extension

Answer 10

• flexion= chin to chest (45-90 deg)
• extension= 45-90 deg
• whole motion flex/ext= 90-180 deg

Question 11

Shoulder joint ROM:

Flexion/extension

Answer 11

• active flexion= 180 deg

- active extension= 60 deg

Question 12

Shoulder joint ROM:

Abduction/adduction

Answer 12

• active abduction= 180 deg
• active horiz adduction= 40-50 OR 130-140
• active horiz abduction= 130-145 OR 40-55

Question 13

Shoulder joint ROM:

Internal/external rotation

Answer 13

• active external rotation= 90 deg

- active internal rotation= 90 deg

Question 14

Elbow joint ROM:

Flexion/extension

Answer 14

• humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar articulations
• active flexion= 140-150 deg
• active extension= 0- -5 deg

Question 15

Forearm joint ROM:

Pronation/supination

Answer 15

• active pronation= 90 deg

- active supination= 90 deg

Question 16

Wrist joint ROM:

Felxion/extension

Answer 16

• active flexion= 80-90 deg

- active extension= 70 deg

Question 17

Wrist joint ROM:

Abduction/adduction

Answer 17

• active abduction= 20-30 deg

- active adduction= 30-40 deg

Question 18

Hip joint ROM:

Flexion/extension

Answer 18

• active flexion w/knee straight= 90 deg
• active flexion w/knee flexed= 120-135 deg
• active extension= 15-30 deg

Question 19

Hip joint ROM:

Internal/external rotation

Answer 19

• passive external rotation= 40-60 deg

- passive internal rotation= 30-40 deg

Question 20

Hip joint ROM:

Abduction/adduction

Answer 20

-passive abduction, kneed extended= 45-50 deg
knee flexed= 30-50 deg

-passive adduction, knee extended= 20-30 deg
knee flexed= 60-70 deg

Question 21

Knee joint ROM:

Flexion

Answer 21

-passive flexion= 145-150 deg (starting from extended position)

Question 22

Ankle joint ROM:

Dorsi/plantar flexion

Answer 22

• passive dorsiflexion= 15-20 deg

- passive plantarflexion= 50-65 deg

Question 23

Ankle joint ROM:

Inversion/eversion

Answer 23

• active inversion= 35 deg

- active eversion= 20 deg