Lecture 03 ROM And MEASUREMENTS Flashcards
3 Cardinal planes
- Sagittal
- Frontal/coronal
- Horizontal/transverse
3 types of joints
- Fibrous= skull articulation
- Cartilaginous= disc between vertebrae
- Synovial= extremities
Planes of motion:
- Sagittal= flexion/extension
- Transverse= rotation
- Coronal= sidebending
Different types of “end feel” of ROM
- Bouncy/rubbery= viscersomatic reflex
- Firm=microtraumatic (overuse)
- Sloppy= ligamentous laxity
- Elastic= normal
- Abrupt= osteoarthritis
- Hard= somatic dysfunction
- Empty= stop due to pain
- Crisp= involuntary muscle guarding
What is flexibility
- ROM commonly present in joint or group of joints that allows normal and unimpaired function
1. static= maximal ROM joint can achieve with externally applied force
2. dynamic= ROM person can produce and speed they can produce it
*stiffness= reduced ROM
What is “Linkage”
- joint mechanics with surrounding structures
- by linking multiple structures together you get increased ROM
- important to isolate what you wish to examine (blocking) to get accurate measurement
What is a goniometer?
- device used for actual measurement
- place at joint fulcrum (stationary arm over body and moveable arm of moving part) follow pt movement with moveable arm
- offers objective value (pre-operative)
- compare with other side and normative values
Cervical spine joint ROM:
Rotation
- passive rotation= 70-90 deg
- whole rotation= 140-180 deg
Cervical spine joint ROM:
Sidebending
- passive sidebending= 20-45 deg
- whole sidebending= 40-90 deg
Cervical spine joint ROM:
Felxion/extension
- flexion= chin to chest (45-90 deg)
- extension= 45-90 deg
- whole motion flex/ext= 90-180 deg
Shoulder joint ROM:
Flexion/extension
- active flexion= 180 deg
- active extension= 60 deg
Shoulder joint ROM:
Abduction/adduction
- active abduction= 180 deg
- active horiz adduction= 40-50 OR 130-140
- active horiz abduction= 130-145 OR 40-55
Shoulder joint ROM:
Internal/external rotation
- active external rotation= 90 deg
- active internal rotation= 90 deg
Elbow joint ROM:
Flexion/extension
- humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar articulations
- active flexion= 140-150 deg
- active extension= 0- -5 deg
Forearm joint ROM:
Pronation/supination
- active pronation= 90 deg
- active supination= 90 deg
Wrist joint ROM:
Felxion/extension
- active flexion= 80-90 deg
- active extension= 70 deg
Wrist joint ROM:
Abduction/adduction
- active abduction= 20-30 deg
- active adduction= 30-40 deg
Hip joint ROM:
Flexion/extension
- active flexion w/knee straight= 90 deg
- active flexion w/knee flexed= 120-135 deg
- active extension= 15-30 deg
Hip joint ROM:
Internal/external rotation
- passive external rotation= 40-60 deg
- passive internal rotation= 30-40 deg
Hip joint ROM:
Abduction/adduction
-passive abduction, kneed extended= 45-50 deg
knee flexed= 30-50 deg
-passive adduction, knee extended= 20-30 deg
knee flexed= 60-70 deg
Knee joint ROM:
Flexion
-passive flexion= 145-150 deg (starting from extended position)
Ankle joint ROM:
Dorsi/plantar flexion
- passive dorsiflexion= 15-20 deg
- passive plantarflexion= 50-65 deg
Ankle joint ROM:
Inversion/eversion
- active inversion= 35 deg
- active eversion= 20 deg
