Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Health > Lecture 02 - Solid Waste/Hazardous Waste - 28 Jan 2015 > Flashcards

Lecture 02 - Solid Waste/Hazardous Waste - 28 Jan 2015 Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of Waste that we are concerned with:

A

Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Solid Waste

A 
Paper,
Plastic
Food
Yard Waste
Metal
Glass Wood, etc.
Municipal Waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

USA rates of waste production?

A

USA generates more solid waste than anybody else

Since 1960 have generated more every year except 2005-2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Problems associated with waste disposal

A

Disease

Role of vectors

Contamination/Pollution

Nuisance (private/public)

Space Cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Environmental Issues with Waste Disposal

A

Visible pollution

surface and ground water pollution

use of space

release of chemicals

environmental justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Waste removal

  • how often?
  • who does it?
A

Garbage should be every week (at least in summer) - based on pest control

Who does it depends on where you live. Can be by contractor, town, individuals, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Methods of Disposal

A

Onsite - burn/bury/leave exposed (problem of surface water pollution) - illegal, but still happens

Removal - transport/transfer

Incinerator - often burn for energy (powers the boilers in a power plant)

Sanitary landfill (problem of groundwater pollution) - these are steadily decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recycling and Waste disposal

A

Most waste is food, plastics, paper

Recycling is increasing

Current Disposal Methods in USA

  • landfill = 54%
  • Recycle = 33%
  • incinerate/landfill = 13%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1988 Refuse Act

A

Gave U.S. Army Corps of Engineers power over navigable waters

Can’t discharge into navigable waters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Briefly describe the trend in the passage of federal legislation concerning solid/hazardous waste disposal from the passage of the Solid Waste Act of 1965 to present

A

Starts in 1965 with Solid Waste Disposal Act - was the starting point toward moving toward sanitary disposal

  • a fumbling and slow process, reactionary
  • gradual increase in research and grants
  • recycling introduced in 1970, but no enforcement
  • 1976 - first mention of hazardout waste - started to separate stuff in waste
  • 1976 - recognize private right of action, title to garbage, use of incentives
  • Develops federal response to emergencies, payment of compensation/housing/water, pentalties
  • Increase hazardous waste provisions
  • gradually more government control and public awareness/transparency, until recent pushback by businesses/states rights (“confidential business information”, delays, etc.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Event: Love Canal, 1977-1978

A

Niagara, NY

trains trumped canals, so they buried barrels of waste there and covered it and sold it –> concerns about health, no easy legal relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Superfunds

A

A large-scale cleanup by federal government paid for by taxes on polluters (and general taxes).

Provides compensation to harmed people

Assessed liability - anyone involved in the chain of commerce of the chemicals is liable

Come from a 1980 Act

  • CT examples: willington (mercury), stratford (Asbestos, lead, cadmium on playground), brownfields (like Brass Mill Center in Waterbury

Hard to establish new sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What role does a manifest play in the disposal of hazardous waste and who are the four (4) parties that sign the manifest?

A

Manifest = a set of forms, reports, and procedures designed to seamlessly track hazardous waste from the time it leaves the generator facility where it was produced, until it reaches the off-site waste management facility that will store, treat, or dispose of the hazardous waste.

The system allows the waste generator to verify that its waste has been properly delivered, and that no waste has been lost or unaccounted for in the process.

Parties:

  1. Generator
  2. Transporter
  3. Storage/Treatment
  4. Disposal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Amendments

A
  • More HW provisions (ex: no liquid HW in landfills)
  • Modified EPA authority
  • Required manifests
  • Regulates underground storage tanks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1986 Sara Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

A
  • Requires notification of chemicals used/stored on site (fire dept.,. health dept, etc.)
  • certification of operators, haulers, inspectors
  • national priority list*
  • Established ATSDR*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

National Priority List

A

Established by SARA (1986)

  • Areas of highest risk to population: These places are the most hazardous facilities/places for people in those areas
17
Q

Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry

A
  • Conduct risk assessments starting with NPL and superfund sites
  • Surveillance - disease registry - list of all people in vicinity of NPL sites
  • No delegation to states to collect data/conduct surveillance –> CDC contracts w/state health departments to do this when monitoring/tracking
  • located under CDC
18
Q

1988 TOSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act

A
  • requires assessment of new chemicals before they are put into use
  • no need to release “confidential business information” - battle between EPA and companies
  • Toxic Release Inventory - makes public aware of how much material is being released into air and water (even for compliant companies) - puts pressure on companies to comply/decrease - companies lobby to remove/modify this
19
Q

Medical Waste:

Health Concerns

A

HIV/AIDS

Hepatitis C

Antibiotic Resistant Microorganisms

U.S. Generates a lot of this, and the disposal costs 6-20x more than noninfectious waste

20
Q

Medical Waste:

Legislation

A

Ocean Ban Dumping Act (1988)

Medical Waste Tracking Act (1988)

State regs occurred as a result of other legislation, and dictate how to dispose

Tracking and disposal is at the same level as hazardous waste (by EPA)

21
Q

Medical Waste Tracking Act (1988)

A

Defined medical waste

2 year trial (CT, NJ, NY, RI, PR) - legislature created a project to assess/fix the medical waste washing up on shores

22
Q

Medical Waste:

Treatment and Destruction Methods

A
  1. Autoclaving
  2. Incineration
  3. Alternate treatment - microwave, chemical disinfection, enectro-thermal and steam-thermal
  4. Destroyed - ground or minced into small unrecognizable pieces prior to disposal at an authorized solid wate management facility
23
Q

E-Waste: Definition

A

All waste from or caused by electronics, which is often toxic waste

24
Q

E-Waste: Disposal Methods and Dangers of Disassembly

A
  • Ship to other countries
  • Domestic disposal

Dangers:

  • lead (anemia, hearing loss, cognitive damage)
  • melted plastics (pulmonary, CNS, liver and skin damage)
  • cadmium (pulmonary, emphysema)
  • mercury - CNS, neurological probs
  • 44% disposed of
  • 45% put into storage
  • 11% recycled
25
Q

List 3 environmental/public health problems that are controlled when a community changes from “open dumping” to dispose of garbage to the use of a “sanitary landfill”.

A
  1. Infestation of pests (rodents/insects) that cause disease
  2. Reduce surface water pollution
  3. ???
26
Q

What are 2 problems associated with the use of a sanitary landfill?

A
  1. Groundwater pollution

2. ???

Environmental Health (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions