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histology and cell biology > Lecture 01 and 02, Epithelia and CAMs/Junctional Complexes > Flashcards

Lecture 01 and 02, Epithelia and CAMs/Junctional Complexes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two layers of the basement membrane

A

Basal Lamina and Reticular Lamina

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2
Q

What produces the Basal Lamina?

A

Epithelium

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3
Q

What produces the Reticular Lamina?

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

What are the 4 components of the Basal Lamina?

A
  1. Laminin 2. Type 4 Collagen 3. Entactin (nidogen) 4. Proteoglycans
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5
Q

What are the characteristics of Laminin

A

major component of the basal lamina made of 3 chains: Alpha, beta and gamma binding sites for integrins, type 4 collagen, enactin and proteoglycans (heparan sulfate)

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of Type 4 collagen

A

Does not form fibrils like type 1 Produced by epithelial cells, unlike type 1 collagen that is made by fibroblasts.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of fibronectin?

A

binding sites along the laminin made of two polypeptide chains that are cross linked by DISULFIDE bonds

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8
Q

What are the forms of fibronectin?

A

Cellular- made by the fibroblasts, part of the extracellular matrix and Plasma- secreted into the blood stream by hepatocytes.

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9
Q

What are the binding sites on Fibronectin?

A
  1. Heparin (proteoglycan) 2. Integrins 3. Collagen 4. Fibrin
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10
Q

Which are the molecular complexes that primarily serve to prevent paracellular transport?

A

zonula occludens

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11
Q

Simple, non‐ciliated columnar epithelium is most like to be found associated with what?

A

Digestive tract. Note: different modifications to the apical domain happens along the GI tract, depending on the function.

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12
Q

Junctional complexes are associated with which cellular domains?

A

basolateral domain

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium is associated with which of the following?

A

Urinary bladder and parts of the ureters

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14
Q

The extracellular domains of which of the following bind to molecules in the extra cellular matrix such as fibronectin and laminin?
A. Cadherins

B. Integrins

C. Selectins

D. Immunoglobulin Superfamily

A

B.

Integrins

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15
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium may be found where?

A

parts of the male urethra

Also the anal mucosa and large excretory ducts of some glands

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16
Q

Lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is characteristic of which location?

A

vaginal epithelium

lining of mouth

esophagus

tongue

and part of the epiglottis

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17
Q

Which of the following serve as a major interface between the cadherins that hold adjacent cells together and their actin cytoskeletons?
A. Proteoglycans

B. Catenins

C. Laminins

D. Keratins

A

C. Catenins

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18
Q

Which of the following are molecular complexes that anchor cells together and reinforce the physical integrity of tissues and the cells that make up the tissues?

A

zonula adherens

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19
Q

Which of the following types of cell adhesion molecules is associated with zonula occludens and desmosomes?

A

cadherins

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20
Q

Which of the following are only associated with the basal domains?

A. zonula adherens

B. zonla occludens

C. Hemidesmosomes

D. Desmosomes

A

hemidesmosomes,

note: Integrins can be found on both the basal and the lateral domains

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21
Q

The basal lamina is associated with which type of collagen?

A

type IV

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22
Q

Desmocollins and desmogleins belong to which of the following groups of CAMs?

A

Cadherins

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23
Q

Which of the following are molecular complexes that primarily serve to prevent paracellular transport?

A

zona Occludens

24
Q

Where can ciliated epithelia be found? Why is this particlar cell type found in those places?

A

Trachea, cilia promote the removal of irritants from the upper respiratory tract. Additionally, the ciliary elevator works to help the body dispose of trapped particles within the lungs.

Oviduct: cilia helps to “wave” the ovum down the oviducts to the uterus

25
Q

Which two types of cell adhesion molecules are considered CALCIUM DEPENDENT?

A
  1. Cadherins
  2. Selectins
26
Q

What two types of CAMs are Calcim INDEPENDENT?

A

the immunoglobin superfamily and integrins

27
Q

Why doesn’t epithelium get it’s nutrients from the blood stream? How does it receive nutrition?

A

The epithelium is avascular. Nutrients are passed by diffusion.

28
Q

Describe a highly keratinized cell, what unique feature can we look for to help us classify?

A

The nucleii of a highly keratinized cell is absent.

29
Q

What type of epithelium would we expect to find lining blood vessel walls?

A

Simple Squamous

30
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue can be found in the collecting tubules of the kidneys, and thyroid follicles?

A

Simple Cuboidal

31
Q

What type of epithelial cells is a host to a goblet cell?

A

Simple columnar Epithelium. Remember that the goblet cells do not stain on the slide, they are easy to see.

32
Q

The epidermis is primarily composed of ____________ epithelia

A

stratified squamous (abundant keratin)

33
Q

What type of epithelial cells would I find in my trachea?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

34
Q

What type of epithelia would I find in the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar with stereocillia.

35
Q

In the epididymis, what type of cells have highly developed Golgi Apparatus’s?

A

Principal Cells, and they are the only type of cell to actally reach the lumen.

36
Q

What ligands do cadherins recognize?

A

other cadherins

37
Q

What type of ligands do the selectins recognize?

A

Carbohydrates

38
Q

What type of CAMs lock the cell to the matrix?

A

Integrins (using a hemidesmosome)

39
Q

The annoying immnoglobulin superfamily recognizes what type of ligands?

A

integrins

40
Q

Which type of Cadherins form dimers? (They are also the most common)

A

E-cadherins

EPITHELIAL

41
Q

Where might you find epithelia that could form a leaky barrier?

A

lining of gall bladder

PCT of nephron

42
Q

What specific type of epithelia offers protection from wear and tear

A

stratified sqamous epithelia

43
Q

Stratified Columnar epithelia is rare. Name places you can find it…

A
  1. Sweat ducts (adult)
  2. Fornix of the conjunctiva of the eye
  3. parts of the male urogenital tract
  4. pharynx
  5. epiglottis
44
Q

What is the difference between an Adherens and Occludens?

A

Aderens are the molecular complexes that anchor cells together and reinforce the physical integrity of tissues and the cells that make up the tissues.
FOUND: basolateral surfaces

Ocludens are the molecular complexes that establish an impermeable barrier between adjacent cells. PREVENTS paracellular transport and maintains concentration differences, nothing in… nothing out.

45
Q

Define Gap Junction

A

make up of molecular pores that allow cells to rapidly exchange ions and other molecules. They help coordinate activities among the cells that make up the tissue.

46
Q

What are the two types of junctional complexes?

A

Zonula (adherense or occludens)
and
Macula (spot or snap like junction)

47
Q

Which type of junction is associated with intracellular intermediate filaments (tonofilaments?)

A

Macula adherens

48
Q

Which type of junction is associated with intracellular actin?

A
49
Q

Where can you find Desmogein 1 and 2?

A

Epidermis!

50
Q

What is the clinical importantce of autoantibodies to desmoglein1?

A

Autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 result in pemphigus foliaceus… of course

51
Q

What do Desmoplakin and Plakoglobin have in common?

A

They are present in the plaques associated with cadherin proteins

52
Q

Which proteins do the Claudins and occludins attach to inteacellularly?

A
53
Q

JAMS and nectin are members of what group?

A

immunoglobulin superfamily

54
Q

Tell me about connexons… what are 3 things mentioned in lecture?

A
  1. Each connexon consists of 6 connexins, forming hexagonal structure with a hollow center.
  2. Connexons facilitate movement of molecules up to 1.2 nm in diameter
  3. Connexons are often clustered into patches.

**Focus on unique components, and how do they tie into the functions of the junction

55
Q

When do gap junctions close?

A

Gap junctions close when calcium ion concentrations are high!

56
Q

What are two clinical isses that arise from pathologies of gap junctions?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy

and

Congenital cataracts

57
Q
A

histology and cell biology (2 decks)

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