Lectrure 1 Flashcards
What is a QS
Quantity surveyor
What do QS do?
Evaluate how much a building may cost
What does the RIBA stand for
Royal Institute of British Architects
What does the RIBA plan to organise?
The process of briefing, designing, constructing and operating building projects into eight stages and explains stage outcomes
How many stages are there in the RIBA
8 stages
In the RIBA what will stages 0-4 generally happen
They will be undertaken one after the other
What will stages 4 and 5 be like
They will overlap in the project programme for most projects
What will stages 5 be like
Commences when the contractor takes possessions of the site and finishes at practical completion
Stage 6
- Starts with the handover of the building to the client - -immediately after practical completion and finishes at the end of the defects liability period
Stage 7
Starts concurrently with stage 6 and last for the life of the building
What’s re the different types of contracting
- There is the general contracting/ traditional approach and
- there is the “design and build” approach and there is the
- “Construction management” approach
What is meant by the design and build approach
Where the contractor is responsible for both
What is meant by the traditional approach
Contractor build only
What is meant by construction management approach
Contractor is just a manager
When is it suitable to have a design and build approach
- project that a contractor can complete with no major risk
- project where a contractor has special expertise
When is it suitable to have the traditional approach/ general contracting
- the employer wants to control the design
- there are major risks and it would be unfair for the contractor to take them on (e.g. refuse of an existing building)
When is it suitable to have the construction management approach
When a developer wants some works to start early, before others are even designed
What is an exemplar elf intergrated supply chain
Watroise having there own farms, or Claire gardens supplying there own wood clippings
What is the positive of having intergrated supply chain
They have complete control over everything
What is supply chain with patterning relationships
- developer then the rest are all kinda interlinked
- some of Uk main contractors do it like this
What is Fragmented supply chain
- all separate businesses
Example of fragmented supply chain
Builders renovating houses
How does a developer select a contractor
- open tendering
-selective tendering
-two stage tendering
-negotiation
-framework agreement
In the UK how normally does a developer select a contractor
Selective tendering
What is selective tendering
10 contractors, sometimes have a pre qualification stage
When is cost advice needed in a development project
Throughout the whole process rather than just having a surprise
What are the challenges facing the built environment
- increased urbanisation
-degradation of natural resources
What is some examples of environmental impacts of buildings:
- energy use
-green house gas emissions
-construction/ demolition waste
-potable water
-raw materials
-pollution
-ecology
-transport
-health and well-being
-land use
Definition of sustainability
- is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What is sustainable development
-sustainable development is all about ensuring a better quality of life for everyone now and for the generations to come
Sustainable development embraces the three broad themes- what are these themes?
Environmental, social and economic accountability
Often known as the “triple bottom line”
Pre design sustainability principles: business planning- what does it mean?
The need for a new building as opposed to doing nothing , refurbishment or changes in working practices
What is done in the selection of consultants in terms of pre design sustainibility principles
- contractual requirements in relation to the selection of materials, monitoring and reporting, track record, enviromental accreditation and qualifications of staff
What happens in the selection of location in terms of pre design sustainability principles
- availability of transport
- selection of greenfield or brownfield site
- the local avalilibility of resources and services
- the local infrastructure and local ecology
What are assessment tools
- techniques that predicts, calculates or estimates one or more enviromental performances characteristics of a product or building
Sustainability assesment tools:what tools should be chosen for?
- the quality of insight and feedback they provide to inform briefing and design in the early stages
- expectations management as a project proceeds
When are BREEAM assessments carried out
They are carried out by trained assessors based on a scoring system with nine criteria
What is the number of criteria that is needed fro BREEAM
Nine criteria
How many dimensions of project management are there
Three
What are the three dimensions of project management control
Time, cost and quality
The triangle or three dimensions of project management also sometimes known as
The iron triangle
What are other factors that could also be out into the iron triangle/ three dimensions
- environmental factors
- social factors
-health and safety/ cannot be something that can be compromised so arguably shouldn’t be in the iron triangle
Example of some aspects of being a projecty manager
- project team management
-project time management
-project cost management
-project cost quality management
-risk management
-stakeholder management
Example of some of the people that are involved in construction projects
- client
-project manager
-design manager
-architect
-engineers (structural, mechanical and electrical) - QS
-contractor
-digital/bim engineer
Difference between construction management than ordinary management
- crew of strangers
- little time to adjust to co- workers
- tricky to motivate people when the end of the project is in sight
- the individual needs are hard to handle in large projects
Who developed the Gantt chart
Henry Gantt
What does a Gantt chart consist of
Consists of time scale, activities (tasks) and the duration of activities (start to finish date)
What do linked bar charts look like
- shows the activities in timescale with bar chart
-uses vertical links between bars to show all sequiential relationships between activities
What are contractors main expenses- with direct costs
Direct costs include:
- labour
-materials
-equipment
-subcontractors
-other coasts (gov permit and dees, lawyers and consultants for specific task in a project)
What are contractors main expenses- indirect costs
- project overheard such as project staff, cars assigned to the project team, office equipment, temporary utilities
- general overhead such as main office expenses, main office personnel, main office equipment and vehicles, main office services, advertising, charting contributions
-contingency fees
Definition of project cash flow
The net difference between the construction expenditure and income relating to the project at any point in tine during construction
Is cash flow different to profit
Yes
Why is cash flow considered a valuable concept
Because it enables us to look at the financing of a project in a more sophisticated way than merely considering lump sum totals of expenditure and receipts
What is positive cash flow
When money is received into an organisation
What is negative cash flow
When money is paid out
What is the essence of cash flow
To ensure that a company is not exposed to excessive negative cash flow
