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Exam 3 Anatomy Notes > Lect. 1 Upper Limbs, SM Function, Posterior Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Lect. 1 Upper Limbs, SM Function, Posterior Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial, ball, and socket joint

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2
Q

What movements are possible at the glenohumeral joint?

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial and lateral rotation

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3
Q

Which muscles act on the glenohumeral joint?

A

Supraspinatus, Teresa major, long head of triceps brachii, short head of bicep

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4
Q

What are the tendons of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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5
Q

What do the tendons of the rotator cuff reinforce?

A

The fibrous capsule of the glenohumeral joint

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6
Q

What type of join is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

A

Synovial planar joint

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7
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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8
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot joint

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9
Q

What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

A

Syndesmosis

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10
Q

What type of joint is the intervertebral disc?

A

Symphyses

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11
Q

What covers the articular surfaces of the synovial joint?

A

A thin layer of articular cartilage

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12
Q

What can skeletal muscle exert?

A

Tension

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13
Q

Can skeletal muscle exert tension with or without movement?

A

With or without movement

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14
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Muscle shortening as it contracts

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15
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

Muscle contracting as it is stretched out

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16
Q

What is the condition for maximal tension production in a muscle?

A

The sarcomeres are at resting length

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17
Q

What happens to the active tension produced by a muscle if it is too stretched out?

A

It is reduced

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18
Q

What muscle is located at the shoulder region?

A

Deltoid

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19
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

A

Abduction of the arm after 15° (middle fibers), flexes the arm (anterior fibers), extend the arm (posterior) fibers

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

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21
Q

Where is the subscapularis muscle located?

A

Subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle

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22
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Medial rotation of the arm

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23
Q

What are the innervations of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Upper/lower subscapular nerves

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24
Q

Where is the supraspinatus muscle located?

A

Supraspinous fossa to greater tubercle

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25
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Initiates abduction of the arm (0-15°)

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26
Q

What muscle initiates abduction of the arm?

A

Supraspinatus

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27
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

28
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

29
Q

What nerve innervates the teres minor muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

30
Q

What is the action of the teres minor muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

31
Q

What nerve innervates the teres major muscle?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

32
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

Medial rotation, adduction, extension of the arm

33
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

34
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Medial rotation, adduction, extension of the arm

35
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapular nerve?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve/middle subscapular nerve

36
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve & C3/C4

37
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Elevate scapula (upper fibers), retract scapula (middle fibers), and depress scapula (lower fibers)

38
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapula muscle?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapula muscle?

A

Transverse process of cervical vertebrae -> superior angle of scapula

40
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids?

A

Retraction and glenoid down rotation of the scapula

41
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

42
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protraction and glenoid up rotation of the scapula

43
Q

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

44
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Depression and protraction of the scapula

45
Q

What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Upper 3-5 ribs -> coracoid process

47
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Upper 8-9 ribs -> medial border of the scapula

48
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboids?

A

Nuchal ligament (minor), thoracic vertebrae (major) -> vertebral border above spine (minor), vertebral border below spine (major)

49
Q

What is the action of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Adduction, flexion, medial rotation of the arm

50
Q

What is the action of the sternoclavicular head?

A

Adduction, medial rotation, & extension when arm is already flexed

51
Q

What nerves innervate the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (sternoclavicular head), & lateral pectoral nerve (clavicular head)

52
Q

What is the blood supply to the suprascapular artery?

A

The suprascapular artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk

53
Q

What is the path of the suprascapular nerve in relation to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

The suprascapular nerve passes inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

54
Q

What is the path of the suprascapular artery in relation to the superior transverse scapular ligament?

A

The suprascapular artery passes superior to the superior transverse scapular ligament

55
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular artery often arise from?

A

The dorsal scapular artery often arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

56
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin?

A

The axillary artery begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib

57
Q

What runs with the posterior circumflex humeral artery in the quadrangular space?

A

The axillary nerve

58
Q

What artery is viewed through the triangular space bordered by the long head of the triceps brachii (laterally)?

A

The circumflex scapular artery

59
Q

How do the cephalic vein and basilic vein typically communicate?

A

The cephalic and basilic veins typically communicate via the median cubical vein

60
Q

What is the location of the quadrangular space?

A

Deep to the deltoid muscle

61
Q

What forms the superior border (teres minor) of the quadrangular space?

A

A muscle innervated by a terminal branch of the brachial plexus (axillary nerve)

62
Q

What lies superolateral to the triangular space?

A

The lateral long head of the triceps brachii

63
Q

What forms the medial border of the quadrangular space?

A

The long head of the triceps brachii

64
Q

What forms the lateral border of the quadrangular space?

A

The surgical neck of the humerus

65
Q

What innervates or passes through the quadrangular space?

A

The posterior circuflex humeral artery & the axillary nerve

Exam 3 Anatomy Notes (2 decks)

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