Lect 1-4, Biomolecules/Enzymes&Isoenzymes/Cell Homeostasis/Cell Membranes Flashcards
Respiratory Distress Syndrome:
____ deficiency, which is made from _____ and _____
/ > 2:1 shows lung _____
Lung surfactant deficiency, which is made from lecithin and sphingomyelin
L/S > 2:1 shows lung maturity
Gallstones:
Increased _____ in bile solidifies into pepple-like structures.
Can lead to ______ syndromes
Cholesterol ; malabsorption
- Condition marked by hyperglycemia and low blood pH
- Insulin resistance causes no glucose uptake and Ketone bodies
- Symptoms are dehydration, vomiting, confusion, and coma
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Competitive Inhibitors bind to _____
- Km will _____
- Vmax will ______
Active site
- Increase
- Not change
- Non-competitive inhibitors bind to _____
- Km will ____
- Vmax will _____
E or ES complex
- Not change
- Decrease
Uncompetitive inhibitors bind to _____
- Km will ______
- Vmax will _____
ES complex only
- Decrease
- Decrease
Chronic Gout:
-Treated with ________, which targets ______ _____ to prevent the formation of _______
Treated with allopurinol, which targets xanthine oxidase to prevent the formation of uric acid
Myasthenia Gravis:
- Autoimmune disease where antibodies block the binding of _____ to _______ ______ receptors
- Symptoms are ______, and _____ _____
- Treated with ______, which is an __________ _____
- Blocks the binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
- Symptoms are ptosis (droopy eyes), muscle weakness
- Treated with Physostigmine (or any -stigmine drug), which is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Metalloenzymes require metal cofactors to function, and can be inhibited by ______ ______, such as ____.
-inhibited by chelating agents, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)
Chelating agents can treat ______ poisoning. This substance would otherwise inhibit the creation of heme by preventing the function of ___ and _________.
treat lead poisoning.
-Lead inhibits ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase
The troponin inhibitory unit ____ shows incrased lvls in serum after a __.
cTn-I after a myocardial infarction
A deficiency in Vitamin C, a cofactor for lysyl hydroxylase involved in _____ assembly, can cause _____ with symptoms of spongy gums, hemorrhaging of skin and mucous membranes.
Vit C def = Scurvy
-lysyl hydroxylase is involved in collagen assembly
Ariboflavinosis:
-Riboflavin (Vit __) is required for ___ synthesis. This means _______ reductase activity will also decrease, which creates a product that cleans up reactive oxygen species.
Vit B2 is req for FAD synthesis
-Glutathione reductase activity will also decrease (glutathione cleans up ROS)
GLUT 1 is found _______ and not in the _____ or _____
-It has a _____ affinity for glucose (Km __ mM)
GLUT1 = everywhere, but not in epithelial cells of kidney or small intestine
- High affinity for glucose (Km 1 mM)
GLUT 2 is found in the _____ and ______
-It has a _____ affinity for glucose (Km __ mM)
GLUT2 = liver and pancreas
-Low affinity for glucose (Km 10 mM)
GLUT 3 is found in _______
-It has a _____ affinity for glucose
GLUT3 = neurons
-High affinity for glucose
GLUT 4 is found in _______ , ______ , and _______ cells
-It has a _____ affinity for glucose
GLUT4 = skeletal muscle, adipose, and heart cells
-Medium affinity for glucose
Fanconi-Bicklet Syndrome
- Inherited deficiency of the ______ in liver and pancreas
- Symptoms: _____ __ _____, _____ (enlargement of liver), and ______
- Typically fluctuates from ______ between meals and _______ after meals
Inherited def of GLUT2 receptor
- Symptoms are failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, and dwarfism/stunted growth
- Fluctuates from hypoglycemic between means and hyperglycemic after meals
This is characteristic of a malar rash, joint pain, fever, and weight loss.
-Involves slow acetyation process in certain individuals, which builds up _____ _____ _____
Drug Induced Lupus
-slow acetylation = builds up toxic drug metabolites
These three lipids are in the outer leaflet of the membrane:
- _____________
- ____________
- ____________
- Phosphatidylcholine
- Sphingomyelin
- Glycolipids
These three lipids are in the inner leaflet of the membrane:
- ___________
- ____________
- ____________
- Phosphatidylinositol
- Phosphatidylserine
- Phosphatidylethanolamine
This lipid is a marker for _______, which is typically on the _____ leaflet and gets flipased to the ______ leaflet
PS (Phosphatidylserine) - typically in inner leaflet of healthy cells, but a flipase will flip it to outer leaflet to signal macrophages for apoptosis
Disease characterized by a cherry red macula, enlargement of liver, and neurological damage.
-Caused by a deficiency of ___ ______, causing _______ buildup (and subsequently death of cells) in liver, speel, CNS, and bone marrow
Niemann-Pick Disease = cherry red macula
-Def of Acid Sphingomyelinase, which causes sphingomyelin (SM) to build up in lysosomes.
Rh incompatibility between mother and newborn can result in _______ ___ or _____ ______ __ ____, forming Hydrops
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
