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KIN 411 > LEC9: SCBA Lung Volumes WOB > Flashcards

LEC9: SCBA Lung Volumes WOB Flashcards

1
Q

What are the changes in breathing pattern with SCBA during heavy exercise?

A
  1. Relatively more time spent exhaling
  2. Relatively less time spent inhaling
  3. Reduced tidal volume
  4. Upward shift for operating lung volumes
  5. Higher expiratory pressures
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2
Q

Type of air flow for helium

A

Laminar flow

Lower density, less resistance to flow

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3
Q

Type of air flow for nitrogen

A

Turbulent flow

higher density, more resistance to flow

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4
Q

Helium has (blank) possible with less respiratory muscle effort

A

higher flow rate

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5
Q

Pulmonary Physiology Terminology: volume definition

A

Used to describe a specific component

eg. Residual volume (RV), tidal volume (TV or VT)

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6
Q

Pulmonary Physiology Terminology: capacity definition

A

Used to describe the sum of several components (volumes)

eg. Total lung capacity (TLC), is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs (TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV)

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7
Q

What is inspiratory capacity (IC)?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration

The SUM of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME

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8
Q

What is the tidal volume (TV)?

A

Describes the volume of air that is inspired then expired during one uninterrupted breathing cycle.

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9
Q

What is end inspiratory lung volume (EILV)?

A

The point where inspiration finishes relative to the total lung capacity

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10
Q

What is end expiratory lung volume (EELV)?

A

The point where expiration finishes relative to the total lung capacity

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11
Q

How to measure the changes in pleural pressure?

A

Changes in pressure measured in the esophagus reflect changes in pleural pressure

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12
Q

What is respiratory effort determined by?

A

Changes in pleural pressure

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13
Q

Pleural pressure is the next effect of (blank) and (blank) effort

A

Resistive, elastic

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14
Q

What is resistive effort (flow)?

A

Due to airway and airflow resistance

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15
Q

What is elastic effort (recoil)?

A

Due to resistance due to the elastic recoil of the lung and the chest wall

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16
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

The more the lung fills, the more pressure is needed to change lung volume

Lung compliance decreases at higher (fuller) lung volumes

Compliance = ΔV / ΔP

17
Q

What is compliance?

A

A physical term that relates change in volume to the change in pressure

18
Q

A lung with high compliance is what?

A

Easily distended (stretched)

19
Q

A chest wall with low compliance is what?

A

Not easily collapsed

20
Q

How to determine pulmonary compliance?

A

Change (Δ) in volume per unit of pressure

CL = Δ V (in liters) / Δ P (in cm H2O)

21
Q

Chest wall compliance is the (blank) of elasticity

A

opposite

22
Q

What is elasticity in the lung?

A

Elasticity is the
tendency of lung tissue to return to its original (or relaxed) position after an applied force has been removed

Therefore Chest Wall compliance is a factor at higher not lower pleural pressures

23
Q

Changes in internal box pressure reflect changes in (blank)

A

Chest wall and lung configuration

24
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

P1V1 = P2V2

Box pressure change is converted to change in lung volume

25
Q

Reasons that the SCBA could decrease exercise performance

A
  1. Load carriage
    a. Increased energy requirements
    b. Possibly altered biomechanics
  2. Restricted breathing
    a. Altered breathing pattern
    b. Greater resistance to flow
26
Q

What does viscosity mean?

A

Measure of resistance to flow in a liquid or gas (higher viscosity means more resistance to flow)

27
Q

What does density mean?

A

Measure of how tightly packed matter is in a solid, liquid, or gas (lower density, less resistance to flow)

28
Q

How does hyperoxia affect VO2max?

A
  1. More oxygen can be carried to working muscle
    2, Same cardiac output delivers 8-10% more oxygen
29
Q

How does helium affect VO2max?

A
  1. Flow remains laminar longer, less turbulent flow permits higher ventilation at the same level of respiratory effort
  2. Peak VE is higher, hence peak VO2 can also increase
30
Q

How does the combination of helium and hyperoxia provide a “countermeasure” to the detrimental effects of FPE and the SCBA on VO2max?

A
  1. This is the “super-mix”
  2. Peak VO2 is affected in two ways
    a. Better O2 transport
    b. Higher VE
31
Q

How does hyperoxia affect responses to submaximal exercise?

A
  1. Improved oxygen transport
  2. Same cardiac output delivers 8-10% more oxygen
  3. SaO2 is higher (less desaturation)
  4. HR is lower
  5. BLac- is lower (could this affect ventilation?)
  6. VE is lower (think about air conservation)
32
Q

How does helium affect responses to submaximal exercise?

A
  1. Less turbulent flow permits lower respiratory effort at same ventilation
  2. Reduced respiratory muscle fatigue

KIN 411 (11 decks)

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