Lec3-The Animal Cell Flashcards
Houses the genetic material and various substances
Nucleus
Synthesis of Lipids
•Detoxification
•lack of bounded polybosomes
•Cisternae- tubular or saclike
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Protein synthesis
•Consists of saclike and parallel stacks of flattened cisternae
•Proteins secreted via exocytosis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Major site for vital cellular activities
1 Synthesis
2 Transport
3 Storage
4 Detoxification
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The site of protein synthesis
• Free macromolecules within cytoplasm or ribosome RER
2 subunits
Large- entry of tRNA
Small- holds the mRNA
Ribosomes
•Highway of the cell
•Gelatinous structure
•Protects the organelles from damage
Cytoplasm
The powerhouse of the cell
• Energy production of the cell in form of ATP
Mitochondria
Protects the cell from damaging agents
•Carry-out oxidative reactions using oxygen in the cell
Peroxisomes
Spherical membrane
• Helps in the digestion and excretion of materials in the cell
Lysosome
Functions for storing, packaging and transporting particles needed by the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Semipermeable membrane
•Layer of protein and lipids
•Regulates entry and exit in the cell
•Known as the gate of the cell
Cell Membrane
Molecule that carries the genetic material
Nucleic Acids
DNA/Chromatin
•Important in cell division
•Production of spindle fibers
Centrosome/Centrioles
Maintains the shape of the cell and internal organization
Cytoskeleton
Two sides of Golgi Apparatus
Cis Face- receiving part
Trans Face- shipping part
Condensing vesicles in the golgi apparatus that store product until release
Secretory Granules
Secretory Granules
Mode of Release
• Metabolic
• Hormonal
• Neural Message
Site of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular components
•contains 40 dif hydrolytic enzymes and cells with phagocytic activity
Lysosomes
Which the cell uses lysosomes to dispose excess or nonfunctioning organelles or membranes
Autophagy
Function to degrade denatured or nonfunctional polypeptides
• Remove proteins no longer needed by the cell
Proteasomes
Part of Mitochondria
• site of cellular respiration
Mitochondrial Matrix
Part of Mitochondria
• folds inside the organelle
•more folds = more energy needs
= site for ATP production
Cristae
Part of Mitochondria
• presence of porins
Outer Membrane
Part of Mitochondria
• maintains the proton gradient that drives oxidative phosphorylation
Inner Membrane
Complex array of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton Part
• Organizing center for mitotic spindle
• Maintain cell shape and polarity
• Provide tracks for ogranelle and chromosome movement
• Move cilia and flagella
Microtubules
Microtubules subunit:
Heterodimers of Alpha and Beta Tubulin
Part of Cytoskeleton
•Contract and move cells and change cell shape
•Assembly of actin filaments
•Interaction with myosin
•Movements: cytokinesis, cytoplasmic streaming and transport
Microfilaments
Microfilaments subunit:
G-actin monomers
Part of Cytoskeleton
• Strengthen cell and tissue structure
• Maintain nuclear shape (lamins)
Examples: Keratin and Vimentin
Intermediate Filaments
• Cytokeratin
• Acidic and basic isoforms that compose of heterodimer subunits of intermediate filaments in all epithelial cells
• Keratinization
Keratin
•Class III intermediate filament
• Embryonic mesenchyme
• Desmin - found in muscles
Vimentin
Intermediate Filaments subunits:
Antiparallel tetramers of 2 rod-like dimers
Accumulated metabolites or other substance in cytoplasm
•little to no metabolic activity
•Lipid Droplets- lipids
•Glycogen Granules- carbohydrates
•Pigment Deposits- melanin, lipofuscin, hemosiderin
Cytoplasmic Inclusions
Outermost membrane of every eukaryotic cell
•Phospolipids, cholesterol, proteins, oligosaccharide
•as physical barrier
•selective permeability
•electrochemical gradient
•communication
Plasma Membrane
Model that emphasizes that the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane also contains proteins inserted in it or associated with its surface
Fluid Mosaic Model
