[LEC3] Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

Observation on one variable may be shown visually by putting the variable’s on one axis and putting the frequencies on the other.

Answer 1

Visual Presentation of Data

Question 2

___________ are best used to interpret the frequerncy distribution visually.

Answer 2

Figures

Question 3

A bar graph wherein the number of units observed is on the y-axis while the measurement levels on the x-axis. The bars are visually proportional to each other.

Answer 3

Histogram

Question 4

A figure that shorthanded presents a histogram. A dot is placed at the center of the top of the bars and connected to form a polygon. This better ennucuates the data shape.

Answer 4

Frequency Polygon

Question 5

Basic graphs that can illustrate one or more data sets in one graph.

Answer 5

Line Graph

Question 6

Have both x and y-axes on an arithmetic scale.

Answer 6

Arithmetics Line Graphs

Question 7

has the y-axis as alogarithmic axes

Answer 7

Semilogarithmic Line Graph

Question 8

Frequency distributions from continuos data are defined by types of descriptors, known as ___________

Answer 8

Parameters

Question 9

The two measures of __________ and _______

Answer 9

Central Tendecy and Dispersion

Question 10

• Defined as the value used to represent the center or the middle of a set of data values.
• Locates observations on a measurement scale.

Answer 10

Central Tendency

Question 11

• Descibes the spread of values in a given data set.
• Suggests how widely spread out the observation are.

Answer 11

Dispersion

Question 12

• The average value or the sum (Σ -sigma) of all the observed values (xi) divded by the total numver of observation (N).
• has the most mathematical properties and most representatives of dataset if not for outliers.
• used arithmetics, mathematical techniques

Answer 12

Mean (x̅)

Question 13

The middle observation data when data has been arranged from highest to lowest. When the dataset is an even number (hence no natural middle point), the two middling variables are average to find a __________.

Answer 13

Median

Question 14

Rarely used to make inferential conclusion from but is used frequently in healthcare and economics.

Answer 14

Median

Question 15

• The most commonly observed value.
• Has some clinical interest, but seldomly used in statistics. if two or more values appear with the same frequency, each is a mode. The downside to using the mode as a measure of central tendecy is that a set of data may have no mode, or it may have more than one mode.

Answer 15

Mode

Question 16

-bX or Xi means for “for each individual observation”
- Simple to calculate

Answer 16

Arithmetic Mean

Question 17

A type of mean that is calculated by multiplying the weight (or probability) associated with a particular event or outcome with its.

A type of mean that gives differing importance to the values in a datsets.

Answer 17

Weighted Means

Question 18

A statistical measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. It measures how far each number in the set is from the mean (average), and thus from every other number in the set.

Answer 18

Variance

Question 19

The average amount of variability in your dataset. It tells you, on average, how far each value lies from the mean. A high standard deviation means that values are generally far from the mean, while a low standard deviation indicates that values are clustered close to the mean.

Answer 19

Standard Deviation

Question 20

The difference between the observed value of a data point and the expected value is known as ____________ in statistics.

Answer 20

Deviation

Question 21

• also called as mean absolute deivation
• the average deviation of a data point from the mean, median or mode of the data set.

Answer 21

mean Deviation

Question 22

Degree of Freedom

Answer 22

N-1

Question 23

Values that split sorted data or a probability distribution into equal parts. In general terms, a q-quantile divides sorted data into q parts.

Answer 23

Quantiles

Question 24

A statistical term that describes a divisions of observations into four defined intervals based on the values of the data and how they compare to the entire set of observation.

Answer 24

Quartiles

Question 25

Quartiles are are organized into:

Answer 25

• lower quartiles
• median quartiles
• upper quartiles

Question 26

Values that split sorted data or a probability distribution into equal parts.

Answer 26

Quantiles

Question 27

• Type of quantiles, obtained adopting a subdivison into 100 groups.
• A number denoting the position of a data point within a numeric dataset by indicating the percentage of the dataset with a lesser value.

Answer 27

Percentiles

Question 28

Percentiles are calculated by dividing an ordered set of data into ______________

Answer 28

100 equal parts

Question 29

Statistics for a given data set is the difference between the highest and lowest values.

Answer 29

Range

Question 30

The size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data,

Answer 30

Range

Question 31

Range formul

Answer 31

Range = Max(X) - Min (X)

Question 32

Defined as the difference between the third and the first quartile.

Answer 32

Interquartile Range

Question 33

The range of a set data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data.

Answer 33

Interquartile Range

Question 34

A measure of the asymmetry of a distribution

Answer 34

Skewness

Question 35

A distribution is a symmetrical when its left and right side are not mirror images. A distribution can have righ (or positive), left (or negative) or zero skewness.

Answer 35

Skewness (Horizontal Imbalance)

Question 36

A descriptive statistics used to help measure how data disperse between a distributions center and tails, with larger values indicatin a data distribution may have “heavy” tails that thickly concentrated with observations or that are long with extreme observations.

Answer 36

Kurtosis (Vertical Imbalance)