Lec.2 Surgical instruments Flashcards
What are surgical instruments?; Surgical instruments are defined as hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.
What material are general surgical instruments typically made from?; Stainless steel
which has excellent strength and is resistant to corrosion.
What is the primary purpose of general surgical instruments?; To secure surgical drapes
cut
What are some examples of general surgical instruments used in all surgeries?; Thumb forceps
tissue forceps
Why should each type of surgical instrument be used only for its specific purpose?; Each type of surgical instrument is designed for a particular use to ensure safety and effectiveness during surgery.
What is the primary function of a scalpel in surgery?; The scalpel is the best instrument for incising tissues with minimal trauma.
What are the uses of a scalpel in surgical procedures?; The scalpel can be used for incising
puncturing
What is the role of scalpel handles in surgical procedures?; Scalpel handles hold the scalpel blade to allow the surgeon to make a skin incision or other types of incisions in a safer manner.
Are scalpel blades disposable
and how do they relate to scalpel handles?; A variety of disposable blades are designed to fit several different scalpel handles.
Which surgical blade numbers fit the Bard-Parker no. 3 scalpel handle?; Surgical blade numbers 10
11
What surgical blade numbers are compatible with the Bard-Parker no. 4 scalpel handle?; Surgical blade numbers 20 to 22 fit the Bard-Parker no. 4 scalpel handle.
What is the primary use of the Bard-Parker no. 3 handle in surgery?; The Bard-Parker no. 3 handle is most useful for small animal surgery and uses detachable blade numbers 10
11
What safety precaution should be taken when loading or removing blades from a scalpel handle?; Always work with the scalpel facing away from you and hold the blade with a needle holder to prevent injury to your hands.
What is the purpose of using a needle holder in the process of attaching and removing disposable scalpel blades?; A needle holder is used to securely grip the scalpel blade
allowing for safe and precise attachment and removal without risking injury.
What are the three types of grips used to hold a scalpel?; The three types of grips used to hold a scalpel are the pencil grip
fingertip grip
Why is the pencil grip preferred for making incisions with a scalpel?; The pencil grip is preferred because it allows for shorter
finer
How can tissues be stabilized when incising with a scalpel?; Tissues can be stabilized by using the tips of the thumb and forefinger of the non-dominant hand to tense adjacent tissue.
What are the two types of grips for holding a scalpel?; The two types of grips for holding a scalpel are the fingertip grip and the pencil grip.
What is the role of the non-dominant hand during the creation of a skin incision using a scalpel?; The non-dominant hand is used to stabilize tissues.
What type of scissors is preferred for accessing deep structures in surgery?; Curved scissors are used for deep structures.
What are the different varieties of scissors available for surgical use?; Scissors come in a variety of shapes
sizes
What are the primary uses of scissors in surgery?; Scissors are used to cut or dissect tissues other than skin and to cut inanimate objects
including paper drapes and suture material.
How should scissors be used for blunt separation of tissue?; Scissors can be used for blunt separation of tissue by inserting the points and opening the handle.
What is the recommended grip for holding scissors during surgery?; The surgeon must hold the scissors with the thumb – ring finger (tripod) grip.
When should straight scissors be used in surgery?; Straight scissors are used close to the surface of the body.
What are the different tip configurations available for suture or operating scissors?; The tips of suture or operating scissors can vary with sharp/sharp
sharp/blunt
What type of scissors is used for precise dissection through delicate tissue?; Metzenbaum scissors are finer
lighter
What are Heavy Mayo scissors used for in surgical procedures?; Heavy Mayo scissors are ideal for cutting thick connective tissue
fascia
What are the three types of scissors mentioned in the text?; Mayo Dissecting
Metzenbaum Dissecting
What are the three types of operating scissors mentioned?; The three types of operating scissors are Blunt/Blunt
Sharp/Blunt
What type of needle holders are required for larger needles?; Larger needles require wider
heavier jawed needle holders.
What is another use for needle holders besides holding needles?; Needle holders are also the instrument of choice when placing a scalpel blade on a scalpel blade handle.
How are the size and type of needle holder determined?; The size and type of needle holder are determined by the characteristics of the needle to be held and the location of tissue to be sutured.
What is the primary purpose of needle holders in surgery?; Needle holders are designed for holding curved suture needles during suturing and for performing instrument suture ties.
What happens to a needle holder when its tips become worn?; When a needle holder is no longer useful for its intended purpose due to worn tips
it may be converted to use as a wire twister.
What is the most commonly used needle holder in general surgery?; The Mayo-Hegar needle holder is the most commonly used in general surgery.
What is a unique feature of Olsen-Hegar needle holders?; Olsen-Hegar needle holders combine grasping jaws with a scissor just distal to the joint
allowing sutures to be tied and cut with the same instrument.
For what type of procedures are Castroviejo needle holders specialized?; Castroviejo needle holders are specialized for fine ophthalmological procedures
such as suturing the conjunctiva or nictitating membrane.
How do Mathieu (MacPhail) needle holders operate?; Mathieu (MacPhail) needle holders have a spring ratchet that opens the jaws and releases the needle when the handle is squeezed.
What is the purpose of longer needle holders in surgery?; Longer needle holders can be used for suturing in deep body cavities.
Which grip is specifically used with Castroviejo needle holders?; The pencil grip is specifically used with Castroviejo needle holders.
What are the different grips used to hold a needle holder in the dominant hand?; The different grips include a palmed grip
a thenar grip
What is the advantage of a palmed grip in surgical instruments?; A palmed grip provides a strong driving force.
What is the disadvantage of using a palmed grip in surgical instruments?; A palmed grip offers less precision.
What grip is preferable when suturing delicate tissue due to its precision?; The thumb-ring finger (tripod) grip allows for the best precision of all grips.
How are thumb forceps typically held by a surgeon?; Thumb forceps are commonly held in the surgeon’s non-dominant hand using a pencil grip.
What are the different shapes and sizes available for thumb forceps?; Thumb forceps are available in various shapes and sizes
with tips that may be pointed
In what surgical tasks are thumb forceps used besides stabilizing tissue?; Thumb forceps are also used for handling needles during suturing.
What are thumb forceps and what is their primary function in surgery?; Thumb forceps are tweezer-like instruments that help stabilize tissue during suturing
cutting
What are the four types of thumb forceps mentioned?; Debakey
Russian
Describe the characteristics of Babcock tissue forceps.; Babcock tissue forceps have large triangular jaws with fine longitudinal striations on the tips
used to grasp and manipulate tissues as an alternative to stay sutures.
How should Doyen intestinal clamps be used during surgery?; Doyen intestinal clamps have thin longitudinal striations and should be used gently to occlude the open end of the intestine being sutured.
What is the purpose of Allis tissue forceps during surgery?; Allis tissue forceps have a secure grip and are used to grasp fascia or tissue being excised
holding and retracting wound edges for deeper exposure during operation.
What are tissue forceps and what is their primary function?; Tissue forceps are locking instruments that clamp tissues
allowing manipulation of tissues without repeated grasping.
What are the most commonly used types of towel clamps in veterinary medicine?; The most commonly used types are the cross-action towel clamp (Jones) and the Backhaus towel clamp.
What are small pointed towel clamps used for in veterinary medicine?; Small pointed towel clamps are used to attach towels and drapes to the patient.
How do hemostatic forceps assist in blunt dissection?; Hemostatic forceps facilitate blunt dissection
particularly around vessels or other structures.
What variations exist among hemostatic forceps?; Hemostatic forceps vary in size
shape of jaw
What is the primary use of hemostatic forceps in surgery?; Hemostatic forceps are used to clamp and hold the cut ends of blood vessels to achieve hemostasis or to bluntly dissect tissue.
What is a key feature of hemostatic forceps?; A key feature of hemostatic forceps is their ability to securely clamp and hold tissues or blood vessels to prevent blood loss during surgery.
What are hemostatic forceps used for in surgery?; Hemostatic forceps are used to control bleeding by clamping blood vessels or tissues during surgical procedures.
During which surgical procedure are Finochietto retractors commonly used?; Finochietto retractors are commonly used during thoracotomies.
What is the primary use of Balfour retractors?; Balfour retractors are generally used to retract the abdominal wall.
What are the two main types of retractors used in surgery?; Hand-held retractors and self-retaining retractors.
How can hand-held retractors be adjusted during surgery?; Some hand-held retractors
such as malleable or ribbon retractors
What is the function of self-retaining retractors?; Self-retaining retractors maintain tension on tissue and are held open with a boxlock or another device.
What are examples of self-retaining retractors?; Examples include Gelpi and Weitlaner retractors.
What are the four types of hand-held retractors mentioned?; Senn
Army-Navy
What are the two types of self-retaining retractors mentioned?; Gelpi and Weitlaner.
