Lec1 Flashcards
how does bacteria enter the lower RT (sterile)?
direct inhalation or penetration, aspiration, hematogenously, along mucus membrane
Gram positive coccus
staph or strep
gram positive rod
corynebacterium
acid fast rod
mycobacterium
pleomorphic/no cell wall
mycoplasma
gram negative coccus
neisseria
gram negative coccobacillus
bordetella
gram negative rod
pseudomonas, legionella, haemophilus
where does bordetella adhere?
respiratory epithelium-Ptx alters AC which leads to increased cAMP, mucus, and secretions
stages of bordetella?
catarrhal (lots of bacteria no symptoms), paroxysmal (hacking and vomiting), convalescence (toxin symptomology)
features of corynebacterium
pallisades, Dtx is virulence factor, ADP-ribosylates EF-2 ; has invasion (localized) and toxigenic (systemic) phases
Neisseria features
gram negative diplococci, oxidase positive, catalase negative, encapsulated
what disease is caused by neisseria?
pharyngitis, pneumonia that can progress to meningitis
what does the capsule do?
prevent phagocytosis and complement fixation so bacteria can get into blood stream and cause further sequelae
who do you give the neisseria conjugate vaccine to?
55 and younger
who do you give the neisseria capsule vaccine to?
55 and older
important features of strep pyogenes
gram pos cocci in chains, beta hemolytic, M protein and capsule, catalase negative
what causes scarlet fever?
secondary –pyrogenic exotoxins not bacterial dissemination
important features of staph
gram pos cocci in clusters, catalase positive, capsule, protein A, makes lots of toxins
how does one acquire staph pneumonia?
aspiration of oral secretions or hematogenous spread
important features of strep pneumo?
gram positive cocci, alpha hemolytic, capsule
common dz associated with strep pneumo?
lobar pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media
what does pneumolysin do?
destroy ciliated epithelial cells, activate alternative complement pathway
important features of haemophilus
small gram neg rods, need heme and NAD, has capsule, pili and OMPs to bind respiratory epithelium
what dz are associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae
tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia
how does mycoplasma associate with upper airway?
P1
who does pseudomonas affect?
opportunistic – CF pts
important legionella featuures
maintained in water supplies, opportunistic, cytotoxins, hemolysins, endotoxins, lipases
important features of mycobacterium tb
acid fast rods, cell wall of mycolic acid and lipoarabinomannan, survives in granulomas (latency)
