Lec1

Question 1

how does bacteria enter the lower RT (sterile)?

Answer 1

direct inhalation or penetration, aspiration, hematogenously, along mucus membrane

Question 2

Gram positive coccus

Answer 2

staph or strep

Question 3

gram positive rod

Answer 3

corynebacterium

Question 4

acid fast rod

Answer 4

mycobacterium

Question 5

pleomorphic/no cell wall

Answer 5

mycoplasma

Question 6

gram negative coccus

Answer 6

neisseria

Question 7

gram negative coccobacillus

Answer 7

bordetella

Question 8

gram negative rod

Answer 8

pseudomonas, legionella, haemophilus

Question 9

where does bordetella adhere?

Answer 9

respiratory epithelium-Ptx alters AC which leads to increased cAMP, mucus, and secretions

Question 10

stages of bordetella?

Answer 10

catarrhal (lots of bacteria no symptoms), paroxysmal (hacking and vomiting), convalescence (toxin symptomology)

Question 11

features of corynebacterium

Answer 11

pallisades, Dtx is virulence factor, ADP-ribosylates EF-2 ; has invasion (localized) and toxigenic (systemic) phases

Question 12

Neisseria features

Answer 12

gram negative diplococci, oxidase positive, catalase negative, encapsulated

Question 13

what disease is caused by neisseria?

Answer 13

pharyngitis, pneumonia that can progress to meningitis

Question 14

what does the capsule do?

Answer 14

prevent phagocytosis and complement fixation so bacteria can get into blood stream and cause further sequelae

Question 15

who do you give the neisseria conjugate vaccine to?

Answer 15

55 and younger

Question 16

who do you give the neisseria capsule vaccine to?

Answer 16

55 and older

Question 17

important features of strep pyogenes

Answer 17

gram pos cocci in chains, beta hemolytic, M protein and capsule, catalase negative

Question 18

what causes scarlet fever?

Answer 18

secondary –pyrogenic exotoxins not bacterial dissemination

Question 19

important features of staph

Answer 19

gram pos cocci in clusters, catalase positive, capsule, protein A, makes lots of toxins

Question 20

how does one acquire staph pneumonia?

Answer 20

aspiration of oral secretions or hematogenous spread

Question 21

important features of strep pneumo?

Answer 21

gram positive cocci, alpha hemolytic, capsule

Question 22

common dz associated with strep pneumo?

Answer 22

lobar pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media

Question 23

what does pneumolysin do?

Answer 23

destroy ciliated epithelial cells, activate alternative complement pathway

Question 24

important features of haemophilus

Answer 24

small gram neg rods, need heme and NAD, has capsule, pili and OMPs to bind respiratory epithelium

Question 25

what dz are associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 25

tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia

Question 26

how does mycoplasma associate with upper airway?

Answer 26

P1

Question 27

who does pseudomonas affect?

Answer 27

opportunistic – CF pts

Question 28

important legionella featuures

Answer 28

maintained in water supplies, opportunistic, cytotoxins, hemolysins, endotoxins, lipases

Question 29

important features of mycobacterium tb

Answer 29

acid fast rods, cell wall of mycolic acid and lipoarabinomannan, survives in granulomas (latency)