[LEC] U2 - Overview of Immunity Flashcards
1
Q
T/F: The immune system consists of primary and secondary lymphoid organs
A
True
2
Q
T/F: Lymph nodes are classified as primary lymphoid organs
A
False
3
Q
T/F: The thymus is responsible for the maturation of B cells
A
False
4
Q
T/F: The spleen filters blood and acts as a secondary lymphoid organ
A
True
5
Q
T/F:. The immune system can sometimes cause damage through hypersensitivity reactions
A
True
6
Q
T/F: Autoimmune diseases result from an overreaction of the immune system
A
True
7
Q
T/F:. Neutrophils are part of the adaptive immune system
A
False
8
Q
T/F:. The innate immune system has immunologic memory
A
False
9
Q
T/F: Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system
A
True
10
Q
T/F:. T-helper cells (CD4+) secrete cytokines
A
True
11
Q
T/F:. B cells mature in the thymus
A
False
12
Q
T/F:. CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells are responsible for directly killing infected cells
A
True
13
Q
T/F: The classical pathway of complement activation is triggered by antibodies
A
True
14
Q
T/F: The alternative pathway of complement activation is part of adaptive immunity
A
False
15
Q
T/F: The primary function of dendritic cells is antigen presentation
A
True
16
Q
T/F:. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for T-cell development
A
True
17
Q
T/F: The presence of MHC Class II molecules allows a cell to present antigens to cytotoxic T cells
A
False
18
Q
T/F: The paracortex of a lymph node is where T cells are primarily located
A
True
19
Q
T/F:. B cells undergo maturation in the spleen
A
False
20
Q
T/F: Opsonization is the process where antibodies coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis
A
True
21
Q
The type of immunity that does not require prior exposure to pathogens
A
Innate immunity
22
Q
The major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system
A
Dendritic cells, Macrophages, B cells
23
Q
The markers found on T-helper cells
A
CD4, CD2, CD3
24
Q
The primary lymphoid organ responsible for T-cell maturation
A
Thymus
25
The first antibody produced during an immune response
IgM
26
The largest secondary lymphoid organ
Spleen
27
The primary cytokine secreted by Th1 cells
Interferon-gamma
28
The major function of eosinophils
Defense against helminths
29
The surface protein that allows NK cells to recognize stressed or infected cells
NKG2D
30
First responder in bacterial infections
Neutrophil
31
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
Macrophage
32
Defense against helminths
Eosinophil
33
Releases histamine during allergic reactions
Mast Cell
34
Most efficient antigen-presenting cell
Dendritic cell
35
Kills virally infected and tumor cells
Natural killer (NK) cell
36
Mediator of humoral immunity
B cell
37
Secretes cytokines to regulate immune response
T-helper cell (CD4+)
38
Directly kills infected cells
CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells
39
Produces antibodies
Plasma cell
40
The enzyme found in neutrophils that helps kill bacteria
Myeloperoxidase
41
The primary cell involved in allergic reactions
Mast cell
42
The molecule that NK cells recognize to avoid killing self-cells
MHC Class I
43
The first immune response to an antigen
Innate immunity
44
The immune cell with the longest lifespan
Memory T cells
45
The cytokine that promotes inflammation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
46
The type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with anaphylaxis
Type I
47
The receptor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Toll-like receptor
48
The secondary lymphoid organ that filters lymph
Lymph node
49
T/F: T-cell differentiation occurs in the thymus
True
50
T/F: TCR rearrangement occurs during T-cell maturation
True
51
T/F: Antigens are only proteins
False
52
T/F: B cells can act as antigen-presenting cells
True
53
T/F: Memory T cells live longer than naive T cells
True
54
T/F: CD8+ T cells interact with MHC Class II
False
55
T/F: Cytokines are proteins that regulate immune responses
True
56
T/F: Interferons help combat viral infections
True
57
T/F: Complement proteins are only part of innate immunity
False
58
T/F: Plasma cells secrete antibodies
True
59
Activates macrophages
Interferon-gamma
60
Complement component that is an effective chemotaxin in neutrophil
C5a
61
Ig for Allergy response
IgE
62
Complement receptor on B cells
CD21
63
MHC Class ? ; Antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells
MHC Class I
64
MHC Class ?; Antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells
MHC Class II
65
Immediate, non-specific defense
Innate immunity
66
Requires prior exposure, specific response
Adaptive immunity
67
Mediated by antibodies
Humoral immunity
68
Immunity Mediated by T cells
Cell-mediated immunity;
69
Immunity Acquired through infection or vaccination
Active immunity
70
Immunity Acquired through antibodies from another source
Passive immunity
71
Immune response; First exposure, slower response
Primary immune response
72
Immune response; Faster, stronger response due to memory
Secondary immune response;
73
Coating pathogens to enhance phagocytosis
Opsonization
74
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
75
T/F: T-cell differentiation occurs in the thymus.
True
76
T-helper or T-cytotoxic: Production of cytokines
T-Cytotoxic
77
T-helper or T-cytotoxic: CD4+
T-helper
78
T-helper or T-cytotoxic: CD8+
T-cytotoxic
79
Cytokines that regulates immune response:
Treg
by also secreting cytokines that can downregulate effector functions of phagocytes (anti-inflammatory)
80
T or B cells: recognize antigens
B cells
* Also apcs – b cells
* Utilize pathogens, by >> plasma cells >> secrete antibodies that bind to antigens and neutralize them
* Complement activation = receptor for B cell
81
Where are T cells located in the lymph nodes?
In the paracortex
82
Where are B cells located in the lymph nodes?
In the cortex
83
What CD marker will activate the B cell?
CD25+
84
How will the innate system identify a pathogen?
Through PAMPs
85
What is the primary organ that produces the majority of TRRs
Liver
* Sensitive markers for inflammation
86
Where do naive cells enter?
Via High endothelial venule
87
T/F: In viral infections, one of the first cells that are activated are NK Cells
True
88
T/F: If the cells exhibit abundant MHC Class I molecules, will the NK cell be activated
False
* No. NK cells will recognize it as normal cell.
* If it has lesser MHC Class I molecules and has the presence of MCA and MCB,
NK cells, specifically KAR will be activated
89
T/F: Only T cells with a functional TCR will survive the selection process
True
90
Predominant immune cells present in the lymph
lymphocytes
91
Primary or secondary: acquisition of immunocompetency
Primary
92
Primary or secondary: training ground
Secondary
93
CD Markers of B cell
CD19, CD20, Surface Immunoglobulin (IgM, IgD)
94
Common CD markers of T cell
CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8
95
CD Marker of the T cell that has the Capability of being surrounded by sheep RBC, causing rosette formation
CD2
96
CD Marker of the T cell that is Complexed around T-cell receptor
CD3
97
Primary function of CD4+
secretion of cytokines
98
Dendritic cells have MHC Class __
MHC Class II
meron din I (pero less than II)
99
Effector function of macrophages
phagocytosis
100
macrophages degrade inside the
phagolysosome
101
T/F: NK Cells do not have CD markers
True
102
2 stress proteins in NK cells
MCA and MCB
103
AKA kamikaze cells
neutrophils
104
macrophage in the placenta
hofbauer
105
phagocytosis function of neutrophils
frustrated
106
Mast cells can release _____________ that can also function as a chemotactic factor to call neutrophils
metachromatic granules
107
The opsonin receptor FcyR recognizes the Ig_ Ab
IgG
108
Absent/Present: Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and IFNy in Neutrophils
Absent
109
Absent/Present: Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and IFNy in Monocyte/Macrophage
Present
110
Innate/Adaptive:
1. Microbial Killing
2. Intracellular parasite killing
3. Anti-tumor activity
4. Inflammation
Innate
111
Innate/Adaptive:
Antigen Presentation
Adaptive
112
NK cells or third population cells are also known as
large granular lymphocytes
innate lymphoid cells
113
CD Markers of NK cells
CD16, CD56
114
Cytokines present in NK cells
IL2, IL7, IL12, Interferon-a, Interferon-b
115
KIR/KAR:
* Prevent killing of self cells
KIR
116
KIR/KAR:
CD16
KAR
117
A term used to describe The second time the immune cells recognize the pathogen, it becomes stronger.
“stronger the second time around”
Anamnestic response
118
Cytokines present in the precursor cells of T and B cells
CD34, CD7, TDT
119
Prothymocytes are located in the
corticomedullary junctions
120
What phase of t cell differentiation does TCR start to form?
Prothymocytes
121
CD markers of thymocytes
CD44, CD25
122
PRO-T cells are also known as
double negative thymocytesP
123
PRE-T CELLS are also known as
double positive thymocytes
124
survival of cells that do not
recognize self-antigens
Positive selection
125
death of cells that recognize self-antigens
- Apoptosis
Negative selection
126
T helper cell that Secrete interferon gamma, IL2, TNF-b
Th1
127
T helper that Secrete IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13
Th2
128
T helper that has important function in Fungi
Th17
129
T helper that regulates activities, can prevent reactions to self-antigens
Treg
130
Important Markers in B cell differentiation
CD127+, CD19+ (All B-cells)
131
Precursor cell in B-cell differentiation
lymphoid stem cell
132
Antigens are all independent in development from __________ to __________
Pro-B cell; Immature
133
Receptors present in Pro-B cell that is important in the activation process of the rearrangement of genes
CKIT receptors
134
Heavy chain of Pro-B cell : chromosome __
14
135
Light chain of Pro-B cell: chromosome __ and __
2 and 22
136
CD markers of Pro B cell
CD34, CD19, CD10, TDT+
137
CD markers of Pre-B cell
CD19, CD20, TDT
138
CD markers of Immature B cell
CD21, CD40
139
The heavy chain or surface IgM is being formed here
Pre-B cell
140
Pre-BCR: _____________ light chain will form first
Surrogate light chain
141
Complete IgM In immature B cell
o Surface of B cell: ______
o Secreted: _______
monomeric; pentameric
142
CD markers of a mature b cell
CD9, CD20, Surface Antigen, IgD
143
2 phases of mature b cell
Marginal; Follicular
144
Secreted products of T-lymphocytes
Lymphokines
145
Secreted products of B-lymphocytes
Antibodies
146
Common CD markers of Plasma cells
CD38, CD78, CD126
CD126 has the IL6 receptor which is important for inflammation
147
Has Spherical or ellipsoidal cells
Plasma Cells
148
CD marker of Memory B cells
CD27
149
Immature thymocytes are located in the
Cortex
150
What interleukin/cytokine is important in the development of thymocytes
IL7
151
Hassal Corpuscles are present in the
medulla
152
Encapsulated organs
spleen and lymph nodes
153
Where are resting B cells located in the Lymph node?
Primary lymphoid follicles
154
Where are primed B cells located in the Lymph node?
secondary lymphoid follicles
