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MT COMHEALTH > LEC Lesson 2 > Flashcards

LEC Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

types of diseases that can be transmitted to humans either directly or through mediums

A

Communicable disease

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2
Q

Communicate diseases are caused by

A

Micro-organisms

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3
Q

Microorganisms can be?

A

bacteria, parasite, fungi, prion or virus

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4
Q

explains that the growth and reproduction of a micro-organism (germ) inside a human body can cause a specific disease

A

Germ theory

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5
Q

This disease-causing microorganism is referred to as a

A

Pathogen

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6
Q

Factors that increase the risk of having the disease

A
  1. Person’s susceptibility to the disease.
  2. The pathogenicity of the micro-organism
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7
Q

Non-specific and it does not confer a long-term immunity against a pathogen. Usually the first line of defense. It is the first to respond and it responds in a more generic way.

A

Innate immune system

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8
Q

Part of the innate immune system that prevent the entry of micro-organisms

A

Anatomical barriers

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9
Q

5 anatomical barriers

A
  1. Eyes
  2. GI Tract
  3. Nasopharynx
  4. Respiratory Tract
  5. Skin
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10
Q

The first reaction of the body as a response to a pathogen or antigen

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

Four classic signs of inflammation; Inflammation is characterized by

A

Rubor, Calor, Dolor and Tumor

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12
Q

The cells involved in the Innate Immune System are also known as

A

White Blood Cells or Leukocytes

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13
Q

Most abundant form of phagocyte, first to go to the site of inflammation or infection

A

Neutrophil

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14
Q

Mostly present in tissues, serves as link between the innate and adaptive immune system

A

Dendritic cell

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15
Q

Releases histamine In response to parasitic infection

A

Basophil

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16
Q

Releases toxic molecules In response to bacteria or parasitic infection, may damage tissues

A

Eosinophil

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17
Q

Involved in allergic reactions or anaphylaxis and wand healing

A

Mast cell

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18
Q

Phagocytic cells that can move across the walls of capillary vessels

A

Macrophage

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19
Q

Destroys compromised host cells

A

Natural killer cell

20
Q

is highly specific and it creates a long-term memory of immunity against pathogens

A

Adaptive immune system

21
Q

What triggers the adaptive immune system

A

When a person is immunized

22
Q

Pathogens ave remembered by the adaptive immune system through

A

B cells and memory T cells

23
Q

The cells involved in the Adaptive Immune

A

Lymphocytes

24
Q

Types of lymphocytes

A

B and T lymphocytes

25
Q

Also known as CD4+ T cells.

A

T helper cells

26
Q

Also known as CD8+ T cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

27
Q

Gets activated upon re-exposure to a cognate antigen, can either be CD4+ or CD8+

A

Memory T cell

28
Q

Shuts down T cell mediated immunity towards the end of an immune reaction

A

Suppressor T cell

29
Q

Produces cytokines and cytolytic (cell destroying) molecules

A

Natural killer T cells

30
Q

B lymphocytes are the predominant cells involved in the creation of

A

immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies

31
Q

areproteinsproducedbytheimmunesystem
in response to infection

A

Antibodies

32
Q

Only antibody that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

33
Q

Found in mucosal areas,prevents colonization of pathogens

A

IgA

34
Q

Eliminates pathogen

A

IgM

35
Q

Binds to allergens and releases histamine

A

IgE

36
Q

Antigen receptor on B cells

A

IgD

37
Q

process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine

A

Immunization

38
Q

vaccines are produced by modifying a disease producing (wild”) virus or bacterium in a laboratory

A

Live attenuated

39
Q

Example of a live viral vaccine

A

Oral polio

40
Q

produced by growing the bacterium or virus in culture media, then inactivating it with heat and/or chemicals (usually formalin).

A

Inactivated

41
Q

Inactivated vaccines only requires one dose? T or F

A

F

42
Q

For inactivated vaccines a protective immune response develops after the

A

Second or third dose

43
Q

unique type of inactivated subunit vaccine composed of long chains of sugar molecules that make up the surface capsule of certain bacteria.

A

Polysaccharide vaccines

44
Q

Vaccine antigens that are produced by genetic engineering technology.

A

Recombinant Vaccines

45
Q

Milder side effects of live attenuated

A

Adverse reaction

MT COMHEALTH (2 decks)

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