LEC Lesson 2

Question 1

types of diseases that can be transmitted to humans either directly or through mediums

Answer 1

Communicable disease

Question 2

Communicate diseases are caused by

Answer 2

Micro-organisms

Question 3

Microorganisms can be?

Answer 3

bacteria, parasite, fungi, prion or virus

Question 4

explains that the growth and reproduction of a micro-organism (germ) inside a human body can cause a specific disease

Answer 4

Germ theory

Question 5

This disease-causing microorganism is referred to as a

Answer 5

Pathogen

Question 6

Factors that increase the risk of having the disease

Answer 6

1. Person’s susceptibility to the disease.
2. The pathogenicity of the micro-organism

Question 7

Non-specific and it does not confer a long-term immunity against a pathogen. Usually the first line of defense. It is the first to respond and it responds in a more generic way.

Answer 7

Innate immune system

Question 8

Part of the innate immune system that prevent the entry of micro-organisms

Answer 8

Anatomical barriers

Question 9

5 anatomical barriers

Answer 9

1. Eyes
2. GI Tract
3. Nasopharynx
4. Respiratory Tract
5. Skin

Question 10

The first reaction of the body as a response to a pathogen or antigen

Answer 10

Inflammation

Question 11

Four classic signs of inflammation; Inflammation is characterized by

Answer 11

Rubor, Calor, Dolor and Tumor

Question 12

The cells involved in the Innate Immune System are also known as

Answer 12

White Blood Cells or Leukocytes

Question 13

Most abundant form of phagocyte, first to go to the site of inflammation or infection

Answer 13

Neutrophil

Question 14

Mostly present in tissues, serves as link between the innate and adaptive immune system

Answer 14

Dendritic cell

Question 15

Releases histamine In response to parasitic infection

Answer 15

Basophil

Question 16

Releases toxic molecules In response to bacteria or parasitic infection, may damage tissues

Answer 16

Eosinophil

Question 17

Involved in allergic reactions or anaphylaxis and wand healing

Answer 17

Mast cell

Question 18

Phagocytic cells that can move across the walls of capillary vessels

Answer 18

Macrophage

Question 19

Destroys compromised host cells

Answer 19

Natural killer cell

Question 20

is highly specific and it creates a long-term memory of immunity against pathogens

Answer 20

Adaptive immune system

Question 21

What triggers the adaptive immune system

Answer 21

When a person is immunized

Question 22

Pathogens ave remembered by the adaptive immune system through

Answer 22

B cells and memory T cells

Question 23

The cells involved in the Adaptive Immune

Answer 23

Lymphocytes

Question 24

Types of lymphocytes

Answer 24

B and T lymphocytes

Question 25

Also known as CD4+ T cells.

Answer 25

T helper cells

Question 26

Also known as CD8+ T cells

Answer 26

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 27

Gets activated upon re-exposure to a cognate antigen, can either be CD4+ or CD8+

Answer 27

Memory T cell

Question 28

Shuts down T cell mediated immunity towards the end of an immune reaction

Answer 28

Suppressor T cell

Question 29

Produces cytokines and cytolytic (cell destroying) molecules

Answer 29

Natural killer T cells

Question 30

B lymphocytes are the predominant cells involved in the creation of

Answer 30

immunoglobulins (Ig) or antibodies

Question 31

areproteinsproducedbytheimmunesystem in response to infection

Answer 31

Antibodies

Question 32

Only antibody that can cross the placenta

Answer 32

IgG

Question 33

Found in mucosal areas,prevents colonization of pathogens

Answer 33

IgA

Question 34

Eliminates pathogen

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

Binds to allergens and releases histamine

Answer 35

IgE

Question 36

Antigen receptor on B cells

Answer 36

IgD

Question 37

process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine

Answer 37

Immunization

Question 38

vaccines are produced by modifying a disease producing (wild") virus or bacterium in a laboratory

Answer 38

Live attenuated

Question 39

Example of a live viral vaccine

Answer 39

Oral polio

Question 40

produced by growing the bacterium or virus in culture media, then inactivating it with heat and/or chemicals (usually formalin).

Answer 40

Inactivated

Question 41

Inactivated vaccines only requires one dose? T or F

Answer 41

F

Question 42

For inactivated vaccines a protective immune response develops after the

Answer 42

Second or third dose

Question 43

unique type of inactivated subunit vaccine composed of long chains of sugar molecules that make up the surface capsule of certain bacteria.

Answer 43

Polysaccharide vaccines

Question 44

Vaccine antigens that are produced by genetic engineering technology.

Answer 44

Recombinant Vaccines

Question 45

Milder side effects of live attenuated

Answer 45

Adverse reaction