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Remote Sensing > Lec 9 - Fundamentals of Image Interpretation > Flashcards

Lec 9 - Fundamentals of Image Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Aspects of Image Interpretation (3)

A

(1) The portrayal of features from an overhead, often unfamiliar, perspective;
(2) The frequent use of wavelengths outside the visible portion of the spectrum; and
(3) The depiction of the earth’s surface at unfamiliar scales and resolution.

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2
Q

The process of identifying objects or conditions in images and determining their meaning or significance.

A

Image Interpretation

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3
Q

Use scientific tools and methodology to arrive at objective findings.

A

The Interpreter’s Task

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4
Q

This is needed to relate the visible characteristics of the image to the real-world geographical features, even though some of these features may not be physically visible.

A

Geographical knowledge

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5
Q

Image Interpretation Process (3)

A

(1) Image
(2) Interpretation Process (Interpreter’s skills and knowledge level)
(3) Information (quality or quantity)

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6
Q

Requirements of Image Interpretation (4)

A

(1) Remote Sensing System
(2) Knowledge of image and sensor characteristics
(3) Proficiency based on knowledge of the subject
(4) Adequate familiarity of the geographic region and locality

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7
Q

This means identifying geographical features using spatial characteristics of objects shown on images. The most important task for this is to establish interpretation keys, i.e. identifying the typical spatial patterns of known geographical features.

A

Spatial Interpretation

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8
Q

Levels of Interpretation (3)

A

(1) Image Reading
(2) Image Analysis
(3) Image Interpretation

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9
Q

A relatively superficial visual examination of an image undertaken to quickly identify the main features and determine their distribution and likely relationship.

A

Image Reading

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10
Q

Image reading with longer and more detailed visual inspection of the imagery to understand the more general and obvious features in the imagery.

A

Image Analysis

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11
Q

Inductive and deductive analysis of imagery, in conjunction with other data, to gain as full an understanding as possible of the features in the imagery, their functions and their inter-relationships.

A

Image Interpretation

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12
Q

Before Delineating Separate Aerial Units (2)

A

(1) Classification System (Thematic Level Of Classification)
(2) Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU)

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13
Q

Criteria to be used to separate the various categories of features occurring in images.

A

Classification System (Thematic Level Of Classification)

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14
Q

Classification System (Thematic Level Of Classification) (6)

A

(1) Agricultural
(2) Residential
(3) Commercial
(4) Industrial
(5) Rural
(6) Urban/Built-up

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15
Q

Image Interpretation Elements (8)

A

(1) Shape
(2) Size
(3) Pattern
(4) Shadow
(5) Tone or Hue
(6) Texture
(7) Association
(8) Site

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16
Q

Ordering of Elements in Image Interpretation (4)

A

(1) Primary
(2) Secondary
(3) Tertiary
(4) Higher

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17
Q

Basic Element in Primary Degree of Complexity

A

Tone/Color

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18
Q

Basic Elements in Secondary Degree of Complexity (3)

A

(1) Size
(2) Shape
(3) Texture

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19
Q

Basic Elements in Tertiary Degree of Complexity (2)

A

(1) Pattern
(2) Shadow

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20
Q

Basic Elements in Higher Degree of Complexity (2)

A

(1) Site
(2) Association

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21
Q

The measure of the intensity of the reflected or emitted radiation of the objects of the terrain.

A

Tone or Color

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22
Q

Refers to the frequency of tonal variation in an image. This is produced by an aggregate unit of features which may be too small to be clearly discerned individually on the image.

A

Texture

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23
Q

It is always scale or resolution dependent.

A

Texture

24
Q

Same reflected objects that have differences in this helps in their identification.

A

Texture

25
Q

This must be considered in the context of the image scale or resolution.

A

Size

26
Q

Most measured parameters (5)

A

(1) Length
(2) Width
(3) Perimeter
(4) Area
(5) Volume

27
Q

Refers to the general form, configuration or outline of an individual object.

A

Shape

28
Q

It is one of the most important single factors for recognizing objects from an image.

A

Shape

29
Q

Refers to the spatial arrangement of the objects.

A

Pattern

30
Q

The characteristic of this element in image interpretation is the repetition of certain general form or relationship in tones and texture.

A

Pattern

31
Q

A helpful element in image interpretation but also creates difficulties for some objects in their identification in the image.

A

Shadow

32
Q

It is also useful for enhancing or identifying topography and landforms, particularly in radar imagery.

A

Shadow

33
Q

Refers to the occurrence of certain features in relation to other objects in the imagery.

A

Association

34
Q

In urban areas this generally refers to a playground or grass land not agricultural land.

A

A smooth vegetation pattern

35
Q

Refers to topographic or geographic location. It is also an important element in image interpretation when objects are not clearly identified using the previous elements.

A

Site

36
Q

The criterion for identification of an object with interpretation elements. Provides guidance about the correct identification of features or conditions on the images.

A

Interpretation key

37
Q

Types of Interpretation Keys (2

A

(1) Selection Key
(2) Elimination Key

38
Q

Contains numerous photographic examples with supporting text.

A

Selection Key

39
Q

Arranged so that the interpretation proceeds step-by-step from the general to the specific details and leads to the elimination of all features or conditions except the one being identified.

A

Elimination Key

40
Q

These are employed to interpret multispectral images.

A

Spatial Interpretation Keys

41
Q

Properties Influencing Electromagnetic Spectrum (2)

A

(1) Chemical Properties
(2) Physical Properties

42
Q

The major factor in the VIS/IR region. Visible and near-infrared sensors record the reflected sunlight to acquire information about the chemical composition of the objects being observed.

A

Chemical Properties

43
Q

These sensors record the reflected sunlight to acquire information about the chemical composition of the objects being observed.

A

Visible and near-infrared sensors

44
Q

The major factor in the thermal IR and upper microwave region.

A

Physical Properties

45
Q

These sensors record the emitted radiation from the earth surface or atmosphere and are used to acquire information about the thermal properties as well as the composition of the object.

A

Thermal infrared and passive microwave sensors

46
Q

MS Data Interpretation (5)

A

(1) Different Color Modes To Display Imagery
(2) Single Band
(3) Multispectral Bands
(4) Three bands can be simultaneously displayed
(5) Trial-and-error approach to produce the right contrast and highlights to right features

47
Q

Spectral Interpretation Key (6)

A

(1) Farmland
(2) Swamps/Mangroves
(3) Dike or Ponds
(4) Built-up Areas
(5) Bare Ground
(6) Water Body

48
Q

Covered with actively growing crops showing typical vegetation signatures on the MS image.

A

Farmland

49
Q

Strong vegetation signals are shown on the multispectral image.

A

Swamps/Mangroves

50
Q

The cover type is basically the mixture of water and farmland in a repeating pattern.

A

Dike or Ponds

51
Q

Spectral characteristic is quite unique, often with ‘darkened’ concrete spectral signals, that is related to the shadow of buildings.

A

Built-up Areas

52
Q

Characterized by those where the native vegetation cover has been completely removed, showing strong reflectance in all bands.

A

Bare Ground

53
Q

When the water is deep enough (i.e. no reflectance from the bottom of the water) and clean enough (i.e. not containing too much sediment), this cover type can be clearly identified. When they are shallow and muddy, they create significant confusion in the classification process.

A

Water Body

54
Q

This uses multi-temporal images to identify the change and movement. It is based on spatial and spectral interpretation.

A

Temporal Interpretation

55
Q

It adds the temporal dimension for image interpretation. It is important for image interpretation because factors such as vegetation growth and soil moisture vary during the year.

A

Temporal Interpretation

56
Q

Temporal interpretation is based on these interpretation. (2)

A

(1) Spatial Interpretation
(2) Spectral Interpretation

57
Q

Sequence Of Image Interpretation (8)

A

(1) Understand the goals of the interpretation task.
(2) Describe characteristics of area and processes to be interpreted.
(3) Validate the generalized understanding of the area and problem.
(4) Plan the information sources needed.
(5) Acquire the image data, facilities required.
(6) Conduct the interpretation.
(7) Field inspection to resolve conflicts or confusion
(8) Assess accuracy

Remote Sensing (7 decks)

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