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Lec 65/66 PHYSIO > Lec 65/66 > Flashcards

Lec 65/66 Flashcards

1
Q

neuromuscular disease

autoimmune disease that leads to loss of myelin which is replaced by scar tissue
diffuculty in walking due to damage of myleniated axons of basal ganglia or cerebellum

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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2
Q

Neuromuscular disease

autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the ACETYLCHOLINE receptors of motor end plate of muscle cell
Results in decrease of contraction strength

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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3
Q

neuromuscular disease

abnormal dystrophin molecule alters the transmission of muscle tension
results in muscle weakness and damage to cell membrane
causes dysfunction connection of cytoskeleton to ECM

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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4
Q

Cardiovascular Disease

accumulation of fluid in pericardial space
decreases ventricular space – preventing expansion of ventricles
DEC ventricular preload – DEC Cardiac output – hypotension

TX - pericardiocentesis to INC PRELOAD

A

Pericardial Tamponade

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5
Q

cardiovascular disease

narrowing of aortic valve so ventricular ejection is impeded – often occurs as a result of calcium deposits on aortic valve

A

Aortic Valve Stenosis

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6
Q

cardiovascular disease

results from interruption of blood flow through coronary blood vessels
ISCHEMIA results d/t dec O2 levels
Infarction of myocardial tissue

A

Myocardial Infarcation

INC in HR = myocardial ischemia

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7
Q

Renal

decrease in renal perfusion pressure results in the retention of both Na+ and H2O – INC in blood pressure

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

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8
Q

Renal

dehydration = MCC
lodging in ureter – damage to endothelium of ureteres –> pain/blood in urine

A

KIDNEY STONES

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9
Q

Renal

d/t diabetes (INC Urine Volume) and mellitus (Sweet)
Glycosylation of basement membrane proteins contributes to the ability of albuminn to pass into Bowmans capsule and to be excreted in the urine
ELEVATED HbA1C

A

Diabetic Neuropathy

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10
Q

Resp

chronic inflammation of pulm airways
increase resistance to airflow
DEC FEV1/FVC ratio

A

ASTHMA

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11
Q

resp

CO binds to Hv
Dec oxygen transport to tissues
HYPOXIA

A

CO posioning

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12
Q

resp

blood clot becoming trapped in pulm artery branch
inc total pulm vascular resistance
lack of gas exchange

A

Pulm Embolism

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13
Q

DEC O2 – HYPOXIA –> dizziness/disrupted sleep d/t cheyne stokes breathing apttern
DEC CO2 – inc cerebral vasodilation –> headache

A

Acute Mountain sickness

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14
Q

neuro

progressive degenerative motor disease d/t damage to substantia nigra of nasal ganglia
Lack of DOPAMINE inhibits thalamus
symptoms = bradykinesia, slowness of movement, impaired balance

A

Parkinsons

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15
Q

neuro

progressive neurodegenerative disorder initally by IMPAIRED MEMORY
progresses to dementia/cogn decline

A

ALZHEIMERS

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16
Q

neuro

results from excessive activity in clusters of neurons
caues strange sensations/emotions/behaviors
induced by damage to brain

A

EPILEPSY

17
Q

metabolism

MCC of thyrotoxicosis
antibodies develop against TSH receptor on thyroid gland
antibodies mimic action of TSH and activate receptors – stimulating thyroid gland
ENLARGMENT of thyroid gland – INC thyroid homrone levels

A

GRAVES DISEASE

18
Q

metabolism

autoimmune response is directed AGAINST the thyroid tissue
destruction of follicles – that region of thyroid no longer able to produce hormone

A

HASHIMOTOS THYROIDITIS

19
Q

metabolism

disrupts calcium regulation
excess stimulation of bine reabsorption causes depletion of hydroxyapatite crystals weakening the bone

A

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

20
Q

Metabolism

insulin increases the activity of the enzyme hexokinase
which converts glucose to hepatic gylcogen

A

HYPOGLYCEMIA

21
Q

endocrine

adrenocortical insufficiency
destruction of adrenal tissue
low plasma cortisol leads to hypogylcemia, weaknesss, fatigue, and weight loss

A

ADDISONS Disease
ACute Adrenal Insufficency

22
Q

endocrine

elevated aldosterone levels
elevated plasma sodium and low plasma potassium
causes metabolic alkalosis

hypocalemic
HTN

A

CONN’s Syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism

23
Q

endocrine

due to adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, epinphrine and norepinephrine into blood
Symp. nerves will INC HR, myocardial contractility (B1 receptor), constrict venous vascular smooth muscle (Alpha 1 receptor)

A

Pheochromocytoma

Lec 65/66 PHYSIO (1 decks)

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