lec 5 hispanics Flashcards
Generational Background Information
- many hispanics like to be labeled according to their country of origin (e.g., mexican american)
- “latino” may be a preferred term
- religion - usually catholicism - plays an important role
In terms of growth
- hispanics make up 17% of the overall U.S. population
- from the years 2000-2013, hispanics account for more than half the population growth in the U.S.
- nearly 2/3 are from Mexico
recent statistics
- important phenomenon in 21st century dramatic hispanic increase in “nontraditional”states
- E.G., wyoming (oil rigs), Iowa and Kansas (meatpacking plants)
In california in 2013
- for the first time, there were an equal number of hispanics and non-hispanic whites
- spanish is the new english
Iowa Workshop
- states like iowa have many migrant hispanic families
- they work at meat packing plants as well as hog and turkey buildings
- attendance of children at school is an issue due to migrancy and frequent trips back to mexico
we should be aware that
- hispanics are descendants of native american who settles in americas long before spanish conquest
- each hispanic country has its own holidays
despite social and economic disadvantages hispanics demonstrate
- low welfare utilization
- high labor force participation
- strong family value
hispanic education
- education is very important to families; they hold teachers in high regard
- if we ask families to participate (ex. hw) they may be offended, that is your job, you are the teacher.
In some hispanic countries
- education is not mandatory past a certain point (e.g, 8th grade)
- education may not be encouraged, especially for females
- money is saved, not spent on education and material things
- you have to buy your uniforms and books out of pocket – people cant afford it
In the U.S. statistically, hispanic students
- frequently, read below “proficienty” level
- often drop out– estimated that 42% of hispanic high school students wont graduate on time a diploma
- increase incarceration may result
Statistic shows that
- hispanic ch enrolled less in preschool than other groups
- we can encourage preschool enrollement
- offer moms to stick around and volunteer
Jackson, schatschneider and Leacox
- studied growth of vocab skills in young spanish- english children in migrant families
- concern: 50% of latino 4th graders score at or below basic level in reading achievement
jackson et al.
- children from migrant families experience risk factors
- 75% of mex migrants mother have less than a high school education
- 70% are below the poverty line
jackson et al. pt2
-mexican migrant ch had the least number of books in the home and were read to less frequently (compared to african american and white ch)
Mancilla-martinez.(2016)
-parent reports of young spanish-english bilingual childrens productive vocabulary: a development and validation study
Mancilla-Martinez et al. 2016
- hispanic ch 0-5 years old- largest and fastest growing segment of U.S. population
- most are low-SES
- nearly 40% of ch in Head Start are hispanic
- parent reports are a valid and cost-effective way to monitor these ch’s vocab
Contrasting beliefs, values, and practices: Hispanic culture
- collective orientation
- interdependence
- cooperation
- saving face
- relaxed with time
- emphasis on interpersonal relations
Contrasting beliefs, values, and practices: mainstream
- individual orientation
- independence
- competition
- being direct
- punctuality
- emphasis on task orientation
hispanic culture
- patriarchal families
- relaxed with child development
- overt respect for elderly
- extended families
mainstream culture
- democratic families
- child independence
- less value on elderly
- nuclear families
Elizabeth delgado-carillo (former student)
- at 4 still on bottle:normal
- in her house, 10-12 people (uncles, their wives,cousins)
- dad has the last say; makes big choices
- mom PG at 15, had E at 16
- E is first in fam to attend college
Maria Ramirez (former student)
- dad didnt want mom to learn english – Increase power. but now he likes $$
- some men want women to cook, clean, and take care of kids
- she has been called a “beaner”
- girls – virgin when they get married; out of wedlock PG taboo
Janet Rangel
- raised by undocumented parents
- worked in the fields herself as a child– 100+ degrees
- dad has a 6th grade ed.
- had to interpret for her parents a lot
health care and beliefs regarding disabilities
- poverty a major issue -lack of health insurance- “working poor”
- may be resistance to institutionalization; family should care for those with disabilities
- visible disability attributed to external causes such as witchcraft, evil (esp. among older, more rural hispanics; prevalent to this day in mexico)
- may be difficult to accept “invisible” conditions
other health considerations
- hispanics increase 2x as likely to live areas with high lead exposures
- 82% of farm worker workforce; highest group affected by pesticide poisoning
Lorena Velsaco and elizabeth delgado carillo
- weight management, lack of physical activity are problems
- due to poor nutrition, lack of exercise
- physical activities for women not encouraged; may be viewed as abnormal by community
Former Students
- families may go back to Mexico to see their own personal curandero (holistic healer) for health issues
- medical procedures and supplies like antibiotics much cheaper in Mexico
- many mexicans in the U.S. think doctors in mexico are better than american doctors
implications for professionals
- in meetings, address the husband first
- remember that many hispanic mothers believe that schooling is the “teacher’s job”
- moms dont always label things for ch or talk directly with them: these moms dont always label things for children or talk directly with them – encourage parents to do language stimulation activities with their children (include reading)
- remember that parents are not “uninvolved”; they just respect the school system
- encourage involvement
implication for professional pt2
- parents may not relate as well to objective letters, memos,email
- personal contact better
- especially true when discussing something emotional like a ch w/ disability
encourage parents
- maintain ch spanish
- better to hear fluent spanish than broken english
wonderful recent research,
-caesar & Nelson, 2013)
- migrant hispanic families- head starts preschoolers
- group A: bags, books, paper, colored pencils-bring home
- Group B: just bags and books- bring home
- group A asked, on weekend to journal in Sp an draw about weeks activities bring back monday morning
pre and post-testing
- on measures of pre-literacy spanish and english skills, group A did better than group b.
- showed: simple journaling (in Sp) and drawing pix worked for low-ses, migrant hispanic families with limited no english
encourage parents to
-talk to and read w ch
during assessment remeber
-hispanic ch wil often provide functions rather than names of obejcts
language and articulation
- possessives follow the noun (el perro de juan instea of juans dog)
- adjectives generall come after the noun (Casa grande instead of big house)
assessment and intervention
-parent interview using the macarthur is valid and reliable for trying to determine the presence of a lang impairment (LI)
Reasearch– good tests for LI
- lang samples
- spanish ages and stages questionnaire
- measures of grammar (children esp. have difficulty w/ spanish articles and other structures linked to the verb system)
ebert, 2016
- developmental questions related to parent interaction often reflect european- american cultural value
- e.g., engaging in ch directed play
- asking ch to perform previously demonstrated skills
ebert Asha
- when asked we take case histories from parents be specific in our questions
- note “does anyone in your famil have a speech lang problem?”
- instead: “does an aunt, uncle, sibling, or grandparents have any problems with listening, talking, reading or writing?”
Journal of community medicine and health education
- research: low-ses hispanic parents who participated in Reach out and read- ch did better in school in literacy skills
- ROR- pediatricians give books, trainings
In therapy
- encourage verbalization
- esp. encourage naming and description tasks
- incorporate literacy
mendez, crais, castro, kainz. A culturally and linguistically responsive vocabulary approach for young latino dual language learners
- looked at latino preschoolers learning english
- group 1: taught new vocab in english only
- group 2: taught new vocab in both Spanish and English
Mendez et al. found
ch taught in both spanish and english has significantly higher scores in both langs than ch taught in english only
-if ch taught in english only, slow rate english oral lang development
