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PARA LEC > LEC 4 Plasmodium > Flashcards

LEC 4 Plasmodium Flashcards

1
Q

Discovered low parasitemia from Macaca fascicularis; extremely high parasitemia in Macaca mulatta

A

Drs Knowels and Das Gupta

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2
Q

Southeast Asian Countries that has cases of P. knowlesi

A
  1. Philippines
  2. Malaysia
  3. Singapore
  4. Thailand
  5. Indonesia
  6. Vietnam
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3
Q

How many cases of P. knowlesi were identified in 2006 in 2 barangays outside Puerto Princesa?

A

5

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4
Q

They inoculated the parasite to long tailed macaques and rhesus macaque

A

Campbell and Napier

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5
Q

Insect vector of P. knowseli

A

Anopheles minimus flavirostris

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6
Q

Stands up when biting

A

Anopheles

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7
Q

Sits down when biting

A

Aedes

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8
Q

Kingdom

A

Protista

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9
Q

Phylum

A

Apicomplexa

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10
Q

Class

A

Aconidasida

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11
Q

Order

A

Piroplasmida

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12
Q

Family

A

Babesiidae

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13
Q

Most common parasite of Protista

A

Babesia microti

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14
Q

Misdiagnosed as Plasmodium in areas high in Malaria prevalence due to its “ring shape”

A

Babesia

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15
Q

Geographic distribution of Babesia

A

Worldwide

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16
Q

Most common babesia in Europe

A

B. divergens

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17
Q

Most common babesia in northeast and midwest portions of United States

A

B. microti

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18
Q

Recently found on west coast may not be as prevalent in malaria-endemic countries

A

WA-1 strain

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19
Q

Definitive host of Babesia

A

Human or Deer tick

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20
Q

Vector of babesia

A

Ixodes scapularis

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21
Q

Sexual phase is also known as?

A

Sporogony

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22
Q

Results in the production of sporozoites

A

Sexual phase

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23
Q

Sexual phase takes about how many days?

A

8-35 days

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24
Q

Asexual phase is also known as?

A

Schizogony

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25
Q

Interval from sporozoite injection to the detection of parasites in the blood

A

Pre-patent period

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26
Q

Interval between sporozoite injection and the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms

A

Incubation period

27
Q

Pre-patent period of P. falciparum

A

11 - 14 days

28
Q

Pre-patent period of P. vivax

A

11 - 15 days

29
Q

Pre-patent period of P. ovale

A

14 - 26 days

30
Q

Pre-patent period of P. malariae

A

3-4 weeks

31
Q

Used to identify specie

A

Thin films

32
Q

Numerous small pink granules sometimes seen in erythrocytes infected with P. ovale and P. vivax

A

Schuffner’s dots

33
Q

Preferred for detecting malaria infection because a greater amount of blood is examined

A

Thick films

34
Q

Irregular, ameboid in trophozoites; has “spread out” appearance

A

P. vivax

35
Q

Rounded, compact trophozoites with dense cytoplasm; band form occasionally seen

A

P. malariae

36
Q

Tends to form a “rosette” or “flowerette” pattern

A

P. Malariae merozoite

37
Q

A water-soluble protein produced by P. falciparum trophozoites and young gametocyte

A

Histidine-rich protein II (HRP II)

38
Q

Treatment of malaria

A

Permethrin or deltamethrin, (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)

39
Q

Primaquine

A

Hypnozoiticidal and gametocytocidal

40
Q

Chloroquine

A

Blood schizontocides

41
Q

Curcumin

A

Blood schizontocides

42
Q

Artemisinin Dihydroartemisimin

A

Gametocytocidal

43
Q

Occur when an infant acquires the infection at birth due to maternal-fetal blood transfusion when the placental vessels rupture

A

Congenital malaria

44
Q

Able to generate specialized proteins and substance that cause the surface of the infected RBC to become sticky or adhesive

A

P. falciparum

45
Q

Incubation period of P. falciparum

A

8-15 days

46
Q

Incubation period of P. vivax

A

12-20 days

47
Q

Incubation period of P. ovale

A

11-16 days

48
Q

Incubation period of P. malariae

A

18-40 days

49
Q

4 PH Provinces that remain endemic for Malaria

A
  1. Palawan
  2. Sulu
  3. Occidental Mindoro
  4. Sultan kudarat
50
Q

Area in the Philippines with the greatest number of malarial cases

A

Palawan

51
Q

Est. cases of Malaria in 2010

A

216M cases

52
Q

Death common in Malaria

A

Children <5 years old

53
Q

Intermediate host

A

Human

54
Q

A parasite of long-tailed macaques but humans may be at risk of infection in certain

A

P. knowlesi

55
Q

Occurs in the mosquito

A

Sexual phase

56
Q

Occurs in humans

A

Asexual phase

57
Q

Due to increased numbers of persisting blood stage form to clinically detectable levels but not from hypnozoites

A

Recrudescences

58
Q

Ring form, immature trophozoite

A

Small trophozoite

59
Q

Transition phase from ring stage to mature stage

A

Growing trophozoite

60
Q

Mature trophozoite

A

Large trophozoite

61
Q

Has the greatest number of endemic areas

A

Africa

62
Q

Mild shivering to pronounced shaking of the entire body although the core temperature is high or may be rising quickly

A

Cold stage

63
Q

The patient may vomit and febrile convulsion may occur in young children

A

Cold stage

64
Q

Patient becomes febrile, fevers may reach a peak of 41C

A

Hot stage

PARA LEC (4 decks)

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