Lec 4 - Anterior Pituitary things Flashcards
which tend to be more potent and have greater specificity, synthetic analogs or purified natural hormones?
synthetic analogs
hypopituitarism, adults:
usually due to _____ of adenohypophyisis;
see absent menstruation, genital atrophy, _____ hypofunction, and ____ deficiency which can result in death
destruction;
thyroid;
adrenal
hypopituitarism in kids: usually due to failure of pituitary to \_\_\_\_; are there mental effects? child is usually \_\_\_\_; do glands respond to TSH and ACTH?
develop embryologically;
no;
small (aka dwarfism);
yes
match the increased hormone with the condition:
acromegaly =
cushing’s syndrome =
amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, impotence
GH;
ACTH;
prolactin;
administration of growth hormone to ____ _____ results in proportionate growth (like normal individuals)
hypopituitary dwarfs
____ is a recombinant GH. ____ _____ is an encapsulated form and can be given once or twice a month
somotropin;
neurotropin depot
GH:
receptor is a _____;
it acts through ______ IGF1 and 2. the ____ is the primary source of IGF;
non-receptor tyrosine kinase;
somatomedins;
liver
GH deficiency:
____ stature with mild ____;
abnormally low plasma concentrations of ____. to diagnose, perform a ____ test such as administering insulin to induce hypocalcemia
short, adiposity;
IGF1;
provacative
GH or its analogs can also be used for _____ and ____ syndrome
prader willi, turner
GH side effects:
can cause ____ due to anti-insulin effects;
rapid growth can cause ____. do adults or kids have more side effects?
type 2 DM;
scoliosis;
adults
_____ is a recombinant IGF1 (and binding protein) that is used for IGF1 deficiency. an example would be ____-type dwarfism
mecasermin;
laron (ie absent GH receptors)
GH excess:
usually due to _____.
in kids, it causes ____.
in adults, it causes _____
pituitary tumor;
gigantism; acromegaly
GH excess treatment (if surg doesnt work):
_____ is a somatostatin analog
dopamine receptor _____ such as ____ and ____
octreotide (also lanreotide, vapreotide);
bromocriptine, carbegoline (if tumor developed from lactotrophs)
_____ is a synthetic growth hormone receptor antagonist
pegvisomat
Prolactin:
synthesized and stored in _____ in the ____ pituitary. also synthesized by _____
lactotrophs, anterior;
placental tissue
prolactin:
recpetor is a ____. release is _____ by dopamine;
non-receptor tyrosine kinase;
inhibited
prolactinoma symptoms:
____, _____, _____ hypogonadism
galactorrhea, infertility, amenorrhea
bromocriptine, cabergoline, and quinagolide are all dopamine _____. they can be used to treat ___omas
agonists;
prolactinoma
FLATPiG hormones of Anterior pituitary?
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
Plasma LH and FSH are highest during what phase of the menstrual cycle?
ovulation (ie LH surge)
also high in menopause
choronic gonadotropin:
produced by _____ in the placenta. diagnostic of?
supports ____ function
synctiotrophoblasts;
pregnancy;
luteal
gonadotropins:
effective when given by ___ only. resistant or not resitant to degradation?
injection, resistant
urine preparations:
____ is from pregnant women and contains LH activity only.
menotropins are from ____ women and contain both LH and FSH activity;
_____ contains FSH activity only and is from menopausal women only
chorionic gonadotropin;
post-menopausal;
urofollitropin
follitropin is a recombinant form of ____.
FSH;
recombinant LH and Chorionic gonadotropin also exist
gonadotropin uses:
female and male _____ with low levels of gonadotropins;
___ ____ fertilization
infertility;
in vitro
gonadal failure vs pituitary/hypothalmus problems:
low levels of LH and FSH indicates ____;
high levels of LH and FSH indicates ____
hypothalmus/pituitary probs
gonadal failure
menopausal gonadotropins:
can cause abdominal pain due to ____ hyperstimulation; does GnRH do this?
ovarian;
no
_____ can be used for tests involved radio-iodine uptake in residual thyroid glands
thyrogen (Recombinant TSH)
GnRH is secreted in a ____ Fashion. single dose of synthetic GnRH cause a ____ in LH/FSH secretion. continuous administration of GnRH causes a _____ in LH/FSH secretion
pulsatile;
increase;
decrease (pharmacological castration)
____ infusion of GnRH causes stimulation of gonadal activity. ____ infusion supresses it. which form is used in prostate cancer?
pulsatile;
continous;
continous
GnRH analogs: can cause ____ symptoms in women and men
_____ bone density
menopause;
reduced
leuprolide is an example of a GnRH ____
analog
GnRH receptor antagonists all end in -___.
used for what cancer?
relix;
ie ganirelix, cetrorelix, etc
prostate
sermorelin acetate is a synthetic form of ____. protirelin is a synthetic form of _____
GHRH;
TRH
somatostain causes a ____ in cAMP levels. it is the main _____ hormone
decrease
inhibitor
octreotide: used for ____ tumors, pituitary ____, acute ___ bleeds, and acromegaly
carcinoid;
adenomas;
variceal
