Lec 4 Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
An infection of the lower respiratory tract involving the airways and parenchyma with the consolidation of the alveolar spaces.
What characterizes lobar pneumonia?
Pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung.
What is atypical pneumonia?
Pneumonia that describes patterns other than lobar pneumonia.
What is bronchopneumonia?
Inflammation of the lung centered in the bronchioles leading to mucopurulent exudate and patchy consolidation.
What defines interstitial pneumonia?
Inflammation of the interstitium, including alveoli, alveolar sacs, ducts, and bronchioles.
What are common causes of community-acquired pneumonia in neonates?
- Group B streptococci
- Escherichia coli
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
What infectious agents cause febrile pneumonia in infants aged 1-3 months?
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Adenovirus
- Influenza virus
- Parainfluenza virus
- Streptococcal pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae
What are the agents for afebrile pneumonia in infants from 1-3 months?
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Mycoplasma hominis
- Cytomegalovirus
What infections are common in infants aged 3-12 months?
- Respiratory viruses
- Streptococcal pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What are the common pathogens for children aged 1-5 years with pneumonia?
- Respiratory viruses
- Streptococcal pneumonia
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus
What are the principal causes of atypical pneumonia?
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
What is avian influenza?
A highly contagious viral disease of poultry and other birds caused by the influenza A (H5N1) virus.
What are common pneumonia-causing agents in immunocompromised patients?
- Gram-negative enteric bacteria
- Mycobacteria
- Fungi (aspergillosis, histoplasmosis)
- Cytomegalovirus
- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
What causes pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis?
- Staphylococcus aureus in infancy
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa in older children
What are the typical clinical features of viral pneumonia?
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Less prominent fever
