Lec 4 Flashcards
Samples were taken from the body of the patient
Clinical specimen
Attributed to disease state or infection or condition of a certain patient
Clinical
Anything was taken out from the patient (blood, body fluid) that can be sent to the laboratory for examination
Specimen
Collection of the specimen, laboratory receiving the specimen, instruction from the lab technologist on how the patient should collect the sample
Preanalytical phase
Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid
Gram-positive
Thin peptidoglycan layer with lipopolysaccharides
Gram-negative
Direct observation of microorganisms under the microscope
Microscopic examination
Patient detail in the frosted end
Name
Birthdate
Sex
Date and time of collection
Specimen source
Thick liquids
Sputum/phlegm
Semisolid
Feces/stool
Best way for preparing thin smears
Cytocentrifugation
Spinning the cells to concentrate and sediment
Centrifuge
Aqueous solution composed of a single dye
Simple stain
Not used in staining microorganisms because the morphology of the microorganisms can never be established
Simple stain
Chemical of the simple stain is known as?
Mordant
Simple stain
- Methylene blue
- Crystal violet
- Carbolfuchsin
- Safranin
Common staining technique used in the microbiology laboratory
Differential stain
Example of differential stain
Gram stain and Acid Fast stain
Cheapest, most inexpensive, cost-effective procedure in the microbiology laboratory
Special stain
Primary stain
Crystal violet
Chemical name of Crystal violet
Hexamethyl-para-rosaniline chloride
Alternative of Crystal violet if not available in the lab
Gentian violet
Name of the reagent in mordant
Gram iodine
Color of the Gram iodine
Brown colored reagent
decolorizer reagent in differentiation/decolorization
Acetone alcohol
Counterstaining
Safranin
Color of the safranin
Red-colored stain
Color of the acid fast organism
Red
Color of the non-acid fast organism
Blue
Heating or steaming the smear
Ziehl-Neelsen method
Most commonly used procedure in the lab
Ziehl-Neelsen method
Does not involve heat or steam the smear
Kinyoun staining method
It increases the concentration of the phenols so that the acid-fast organism to be stained properly
Kinyoun staining method
Cell wall of acid-fast organism is made up of?
Mycolic acid/Hydroymethoxyl acid
