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micropara > LEC 3 QUIZ > Flashcards

LEC 3 QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q
  • it is the “command center”
A

eukaryotic nucleus

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2
Q

it has a three components; nucleoplasm, chromosomes and a nuclear membrane

A

eukaryotic

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3
Q

eukaryotic chromosomes consist of

A

linear DNA molecules and proteins

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4
Q

genes are located along chromosomes. An organism complete collection of genes is referred to as _____

A

genotype or genome

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5
Q

although most genes code for proteins, some code or two types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) wat are the two

A

ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRna) & transfer ribonucleic acid (tRna)

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6
Q

human diploid cells have ____ and consist of between 20k to 25k genes

A

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

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7
Q
  • a semifluid, gelatinous, nutrient matrix
  • it contains storage granules and organelles
    -each organelles have its specific function
  • this is where metabolic reactions occur
A

cytoplasm

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8
Q
  • a highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm
  • rough er ribosome attached to it, smooth er does not
A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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9
Q
  • this is where the sites of proteins synthesis
  • consist of ribosomal RNA and proteins
A

ribosomes

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10
Q
  • this connects or communicates with ER
  • also called golgi apparatus or golgi body
  • it completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export (packaging plants)
A

golgi complex

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11
Q
  • it contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes
  • originate in Golgi complex
  • peroxisomes are membrane-bound vesicles where H202 is generated and broken down
A

lysosomes and peroxisomes

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12
Q

bacteria and archaea

A

kingdom of prokaryotae

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13
Q

algae and protozoa

A

kingdom protista

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14
Q

fungi

A

kingdom fungi

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15
Q

plants

A

kingdom plantae

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16
Q

animals

A

kingdom animalia

17
Q

viruses are not included because they are _____ so other systems of classification do exist

A

acellular

18
Q

the three domain system of classification.

  • the three domain is based on differences in the structure of certain ribosomal RNA (rrna) molecules among organisms in the thre domains
A
  1. archaea (prokar)
  2. bacteria (prokar)
  3. eucarya (eukaryotic organisms)
19
Q
  • ATP molecules produced within ____ by cellular respiration
  • number of _____ varies depending on the activtes of the cells
  • called as “energy factories or powerhouses”
A

mitochondria

20
Q
  • membrane bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments
  • they are sites of photsynthesis
  • chloroplasts are type of it; they contain chlorophyll
A

plastids

21
Q
  • a system pf fibers throughout the cytoplasm
  • three types of fibers (MICROTUBULES, MICROFILAMENTS, INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS)
  • microtubules and microfilaments are essential for a variety of activities
A

cytoskeleton

22
Q
  • an external structure to provide shape, protection and rigidity)
  • simpler in the structure than prokaryotic cell walls
  • CHITIN found in _____ of fungi; cellulose in ____ of algae and plants
A

cell walls

23
Q

what are present in cell walls

A

plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, most bacteria

24
Q

what are absent in cell walls

A

animals, protozoa, mycoplasma species

25
Q
  • some eukaryoic cells (ex: spermatozoa and protozoa) possess LONG, THIN, WHIPLIKE organelles of locomotion called _____
  • it may possess one or more flagella
A

flagella

26
Q
  • some cells move by means of ____ which are shorter, thinner, and more numerous than flagella, and it is described as “hair like”.
  • found on some species of protozoa and certain types of cells in our bodies (ex: ciliated epithelia cells in the respi tract)
A

cilia

27
Q
  • this are 10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells
  • more simpler compared to eukar
  • produce by BINARY FISSION
  • all bacteria are ______ as are archaea
  • the cytoplasm is not filled with internal membranes
  • cytoplasm is surrounded by a cell membrane, a cell wall and sometimes a capsule or slime layer
A

PROKARYOTIC CELL

28
Q
  • similar structure and function to the eukaryotic cell
  • SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
  • many enzymes are attached to the _____ where metabolic reactions take place
A

cell membrane

29
Q
  • consist of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule and serves as the control center o the cell
  • plasmids are small, circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosomes (extra chromosomal
A

chromosome

30
Q

it is a semiliquid that consists of water, enzymes, waste products, nutrients, proteins, carb and lipids required for metabolic functions

A

cytoplasm prokar

31
Q
  • prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, but their function is the same, THEY ARE THE SITES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
  • most are ribosomes, some of which occur in clusters
A

cytoplasmic particles

micropara (9 decks)

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