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Pharmacology > Lec. 3: Psycho-stimulants and Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Lec. 3: Psycho-stimulants and Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What are five effects of psychostimulants on behavior?

A
  1. Elevate mood/induce euphoria
  2. Increase alertness
  3. Improve task performance
  4. Reduce fatigue/increase energy
  5. Decrease appetite
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2
Q

What are three primary mechanisms of action of psychostimulants?

A
  1. All augment synaptic actions of dopamine
  2. All are behaviorally reinforcing
  3. All have significant side effects, toxicities, and abuse potential
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3
Q

T or F. Drug abuse is a reflection of culture, personal, social, psychological, and genetic factors.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the three broad classifications of drugs of abuse?

A
  1. CNS stimulants
  2. CNS depressants
  3. Other psychoactive drugs and hallucinations
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5
Q

Caffeine and Theophylline are both derivatives of what and fall under what classification of drugs of abuse?

A

They are both methylxanthine derivatives and they are CNS stimulants

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6
Q

Nicotine, such as smokable and chewable tobacco, is an example of what classification of drugs of abuse?

A

CNS stimulant

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7
Q

Name six examples of amphetamine-related drugs (CNS stimulants).

A
  1. Amphetamine
  2. Phentermine
  3. Methamphetamine
  4. Phenfluramine
  5. Methylphenidate
  6. Cocaine
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8
Q

Name four examples of CNS depressants.

A
  1. Opioids
  2. Marijuana
  3. Ethanol
  4. Barbiturates and BZDs
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9
Q

Name three examples of some other psychoactive drugs and hallucinogens.

A
  1. Lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD)
  2. Mescaline
  3. Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust)
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10
Q

Caffeine blocks ? receptors and thus indirectly increases ? transmission. It also inhibits phosphodiesterases that results in increased levels of ?, which mobilizes intracellular?

A
  1. Adenosine
  2. Dopamine
  3. cAMP
  4. Ca+2
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11
Q

Caffeine has a positive/negative inotropic and chronotropic effect at high doses.

A

Positive

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12
Q

Nicotine rapidly distributes to the CNS and induces what enzyme?

A

Cytochrome P-450

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13
Q

What is nicotines effect on the CNS?

A

Activates cholinergic-nicotinic receptors which causes euphoria, arousal, improved memory and concentration, and appetite suppression.

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14
Q

T or F. Nicotine activates monoamine oxidase in the CNS.

A

False. Nicotine inhibits MAO.

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15
Q

What is nicotines effect on dopamine transmission in the CNS?

A

It increase dopamine transmission in the reward system of the brain (highly addictive).

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16
Q

Does nicotine cause vessels to dilate or constrict and what does this do to the blood pressure?

A

Vessels will constrict, which causes an increase in BP.

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17
Q

Ice, speed, and crank are all examples of what amphetamine?

A

Methamphetamine

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18
Q

What is the sympathomimetic action of amphetamines in the body and how do they elicit their action?

A

Amphetamines increase synaptic concentration of NE and dopamine by (1) blocking NE transporter and (2) increasing Ca+2 independent release of NE, dopamine, and serotonin.

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19
Q

Name the three most important clinical uses of amphetamines.

A
  1. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
  2. Narcolepsy
  3. Weight reduction
20
Q

Name two drugs that are popular in treating attention deficit disorder, hyperactivity disorder, and narcolepsy.

A
  1. Amphetamine

2. Methylphenidate

21
Q

Does cocaine activate or depress the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Activates, which leads to increased alertness, pupillary dilation, hypertension, and tachycardia.

22
Q

Does cocaine stimulate or act as a blockade against dopamine transporters?

A

Acts as a blockade of dopamine transporters –> potent dopamine agonist

23
Q

Describe cocaines effect on sex drive and performance.

A

Increases desire, but give problematic performance

24
Q

Micro-strokes (cerebrovascular injury) is associated with long term use of what drug?

A

Cocaine

25
Q

Cocaine directly activates what reward system?

A

The endogenous reward system

26
Q

Withdrawal (crash) from cocaine is associated with depletion of what two neurotransmitters?

A

NE and dopamine

27
Q

What drug is used to treat opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone

28
Q

What drug is used in maintenance therapy against opioid abuse?

A

Methadone

29
Q

Name the three most commonly abused opioids by the general population.

A
  1. Heroin
  2. Oxycodone
  3. Morphine
30
Q

What opioid is associated with a feeling of increased energy (soapboxing) alternated by relaxation and tranquility (coasting)?

A

Heroin

31
Q

Name this drug: 9-THC perturbs neuronal membranes, binds and activates cannabinoid receptor (the endogenous ligand: anandomide), and initially causes euphoria, uncontrollable laughter, and visual hallucinations and later tranquility and impaired memory?

A

Marijuana

32
Q

What does THC stand for and what drug is it associated with?

A
  1. Tetrahydrocannabinal

2. Marijuana

33
Q 
Match the numbers with the right letters for the following hallucinogenic drugs of abuse:
A. Serotonin-like
B. Anticholinergic
C. Glutaminergic NMDA antagonist
D. Catecholamine-like
  1. MDMA; mescaline
  2. PCP; ketamine
  3. Scopolamine
  4. LSD; Psilocybin
A

A - 4
B - 3
C - 2
D - 1

34
Q

What “drugs of abuse” are associated with psychedelic changes of distortion of sensual perception and acute change due to overdose (bad trip), panic attacks, and visual disturbances (flashbacks)?

A

Hallucinogenic drugs of abuse

35
Q

Opioids cause miosis/mydriasis and amphetamines cause miosis/mydriasis.

A
  1. Miosis

2. Mydriasis

36
Q

Barbiturates and BZDs both lead to hypertension/hypotension.

A

Hypotension

37
Q

Treatment with Lorazepam (for agitation) can be used in the emergency treatment of intoxication of what five drugs?

A
  1. Amphetamines
  2. Cocaine
  3. Hallucinogens
  4. Marijuana
  5. Phencyclidine
38
Q

What is the main non-pharmacological treatment to be given during emergency treatment of drug intoxication?

A

Support vital functions

39
Q

What is the only drug type that show no cardiovascular manifestations when experiencing drug intoxication?

A

Opioids

40
Q

During drug withdrawal, what drugs will experience musculoskeletal manifestations?

A

Alcohol - tremors

Barbiturates, BZDs, and opioids

41
Q

T or F. Some drugs, like opioids, depress the immune system.

A

True

42
Q

Modification of what drug can result in the production of many other drugs?

A

Phenylethylamine

43
Q

What three amphetamines can be used for weight reduction?

A
  1. Phentermine
  2. Fenfluramine
  3. Diethylpropion
44
Q

What is a cardinal sign of cocaine use?

A

Pupillary dilation

45
Q

There is no pharmacological treatment for what drug?

A

Cocaine

46
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of ? are opposite the side effects.

A

Cocaine

47
Q

What pharmacological treatment is given for alcohol and barbiturates?

A

None

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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