Lec 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of complex meylin is ?

A

Protein lipid complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cells make myelin in cns , pns

A

Oligodendrocytes, schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the predominant component of white matter

A

Myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of myelin

A

İnsulation of axons , quick transmission of neural signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main pattern of myelin injury in pns

A

Segmental demylination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of demylinating neuropathies

A

Hereditary , immune destruction of myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Segmental demylination is related to which cell

A

Schwann , and can be primary or secondary due to axonal damge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypertrophic neuropathy is a complication of which disease , what is its appearance under the microscope

A

Due to re - demylination cycles of schwann cells in segmental demylination , onion bulb appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical features of perephiral neuropathy related to segmental demylination

A

İmpaired function of the damaged nerve : muscle weakness and atrophy , pain , loss of sensation , parasthesia , AN dysfunction ( loss of bowel , bladder control )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is parasthesia

A

Any abnormal sensation , numbness, pricking , tingling , burning sensation without real physical stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are peripheral neuropathies

A
Affects the function of one or more peripheral nerves , devided into:
Axonal neuropathy (axonal degeneration) 90%
Demyelinating neuropathy (segmental)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The most common cause of generalised peripheral neuropathy

A

Diabetes ( diabetic neuropathy )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All causes of peripheral neuropathy

A

Axonal damage :
Diabetes most common
Others : amylodosis , tumor , trauma , alcoholism , neurotoxic drugs , infections , autoimmune , vasculitis, CRF , nutritional diff
So any toxins , infections , infiltrative diseases , vascular diseases
Demylinating : immune destruction , heridetary ++ diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Risk of developing diabetic neuropathy depends on

A

Duration of diabetes , level of control of blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most dangerous about diabetic neuropathy

A

(Most imp )The presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
And loss of feeling in the lower limb is a high risk for amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of neuropathies in diabetic n

A
  1. Distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy ( most common )
  2. Autonomic neuropathy
  3. Lumbosacral
17
Q

How increased glucose damages the nerves

A
  1. AGE which causes microangiopathy , ischemia to nerves

2. Polyol pathway , low nadph , low glutathione wich is an antioxidant

18
Q

What cells have age receptor

A

Macrophages, endothelial , vascular smooth muscle cells , t lymphocytes

19
Q

Rage - age interaction effects

A
  1. ros formation
  2. cytokines and growth factors
  3. Procoagulant activity
  4. Proliferation of smooth muscle and extracellular matrix
20
Q

The effect of high sorbitol

A

Edema

21
Q

Guillian barre syndrome after what

A

Autoimmune neuropathy

After infections , immunization , surgery

22
Q

What microorganisms can cause gb syndrome

A

Cmv ebv corona-sars2 compylobacter jejuni

23
Q

What lab tests can be in gb syndrome

A

Csf : high protein , low wbc

24
Q

What kind of paralysis happen in gb

A

Acute symmetric ascending neuromuscular paralysis ( but can involve sensory and autonomic disturbances )

25
Q

What is fisher syndrome

A

5% Gb syndrome patients who have ophthalmoplagia , ataxia , areflexia

26
Q

What is the most dangerous about gb syndrome

A
Diaphragm paralysis (muscular)
Cardiac arrhythmia , hypo , hypertension (autonomic)
27
Q

Summerize chronic inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy

A

Chronic sensorimotor poly neuropathy
Immune mediated but not after infections
Associated with autoimmune diseases and aids

28
Q

Myelin diseases in pns

A

GB
CIDP
Segmental demyelination
Diabetic neuropathy