Lec 28 : Diagnostics - Catheterization (Adult)

Question 1

Which of the following DOES NOT deposit in an atherosclerotic plaque?

a. cholesterol
b. homocysteine
c. glycated products
d. calcium
e. NOTA

Answer 1

e. NOTA

Question 2

What is formed upon oxidation of LDL by polymorphonuclear cells?

Answer 2

foam cells

Question 3

These substances break the fibrous cap and are secreted by inflammatory cells.

Answer 3

metalloproteinases

collagenases

Question 4

True of a vulnerable or unstable plaque EXCEPT

a. tend to rupture or fissure
b. has a thick fibrous cap
c. lipid core contains monocytes
d. A & B
e. NOTA

Answer 4

b.

Unstable plaque has thin fibrous cap that is partially damaged.

Question 5

Enumerate constitutional risk factors for atherosclerosis

Answer 5

age
gender
genetic predisposition

Question 6

True about the natural history of atherosclerosis

a. lifelong process
b. an inflammatory disease
c. aggressive medical management needed
d. plaque characteristics predict prognosis
e. AOTA

Answer 6

e. AOTA

Question 7

This type of remodeling preserves the intraluminal area to up to 40% stenosis before progressive reduction in lumen size ensues.

Answer 7

Glagovian remodeling

Question 8

True of remodeling

a. Inward modeling makes the plaque more stable.
b. Outward modeling makes the plaque more unstable.
c. Overcompensation may lead aneurysm.
d. A & B only
e. AOTA

Answer 8

e. AOTA

Question 9

Most widely used artery in cardiac catheterization

a. femoral artery
b. brachial artery
c. radial artery
d. ulnar artery
e. A & C

Answer 9

a. femoral artery

Question 10

This is a method of percutaneous insertion of catheter into a blood vessel.

Answer 10

Seldinger technique

Question 11

This is a method of selective CA catheterization using the standard Seldinger technique through a percutaneous femoral artery puncture.

Answer 11

Judkins technique

Question 12

The following are indications for coronary angiography

a. cardiac clearance for high risk patients
b. establishing severity of CAD
c. survivors of sudden cardiac arrest
d. decompensated heart failure
e. NOTA

Answer 12

d.

Decompensated HF is a CONTRAINDICATION

Question 13

T/F: Angiography can assess the coronary artery wall and the luminal diameter.

Answer 13

F

It cannot assess the wall.

Question 14

This imaging technique will soon be used in place of coronary angiography.

Answer 14

intravascular ultrasound

Question 15

This is the amount of beats needed to pump a radiocontrast dye out of the left ventricle.

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. infinity

Answer 15

c. 3

Question 16

This method is the dilation of a stenosed coronary vessel using a balloon catheter.

Answer 16

angioplasty

Question 17

True of coronary angioplasty

a. conventional balloon angioplasty may be prone to elastic recoil
b. laser balloon angioplasty may minimize post-dilatational cracking
c. atherectomy shaver may block the CA and cause infarction
d. A & B only
e. AOTA

Answer 17

e. AOTA

Question 18

This technique of revascularization was developed by Favoloro in the 1960s

Answer 18

coronary artery bypass graft

Question 19

In a 3-vessel bypass graft, on which coronary artery will you preferentially use the left internal mammary artery as a graft?

a. left circumflex artery
b. left anterior descending
c. right coronary artery
d. right posterior descending
e. Any OTA

Answer 19

b. LAD

It depends on the severity of each artery, but since the LAD is the most important, it is reserved for LIMA.

Question 20

Give issues to be considered in revascularization.

Answer 20

numeric age
co-morbidities
anatomic issues
coronary calcifications
diffuseness
LV function