Lec 2.3: Types of Wires

Question 1

• It was intensively used before 1940.
• Exhibit excellent formability, environmental stability and biocompatibility.
• The main drawbacks of these arch wires include high-cost, low-spring back and low-yield.

Answer 1

Gold

Question 2

• Exhibits adequate strength, high resilience, formability, high stiffness, biocompatibility and are economical
• The drawback of these arch wires includes high modulus of elasticity; more frequent activations are required to maintain the same force level.

Answer 2

Stainless steel

Question 3

Stainless steel wire was discovered by?

Answer 3

Wilkinson, 1929

Question 4

Basic components of S.S. Wire?

Answer 4

18% Cr
8% Ni
0.2% C
71% Fe

Question 5

Hardens steel

Answer 5

Cold working

Question 6

Softens steel

Answer 6

Annealing

Question 7

Makes steel dead soft

Answer 7

Fully annealed

Question 8

• Similar to SS
• Secret formula of Wilcock
• Key wire to Begg Technique
• Excellent working wire
• 20% stiffer than SS (more stiff – more brittle)

Answer 8

Australian wire

Question 9

Nickel titanium wires are also known as?

Answer 9

NITINOL

Question 10

Nickel titanium wires were invented by?

Answer 10

William R Buchler at Naval Ordinance Laboratory

Question 11

• The main advantage of this alloy over others is the high elasticity and shape-back memory.
• The drawback of these arch wires is that they cannot be welded or soldered and cannot receive bends or loops or helices.

Answer 11

Nickel titanium wires

Question 12

• Andreasen 1978: NITINOl (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Lab)
• Poor formability – can’t be bent into loops / stops

Answer 12

First generation Ni-Ti

Question 13

• Shape memory (wire remembers its original shape)
• Super elasticity (force stays fairly constant during wire deformation)

Answer 13

Second generation Ni-Ti

Question 14

Low temperature
Less energy stable
Can change shape

Answer 14

Martensitic phase

Question 15

High temperature
More energy stable
Difficult to change shape

Answer 15

Austenitic phase

Question 16

Temperature activated wires:
* ________ = colder state, constant activation, rapid tooth movement
* ________ = recommended temperature, milder activation, lower force
* ________ = intermittent activation, mild forces, high canines

Answer 16

• 27 C
• 35 C
• 40 C

Question 17

• Soft, pliable wire for earlier bracket engagement
• Enhanced torque control for faster treatment.
• Momentary forces applied to teeth early in treatment for reduced chair time

Answer 17

Temperature Activated Ni-Ti wires

Question 18

• Metallurgy built into wire
• Disadvantage: Anchorage loss

Answer 18

Graduated force delivery

Question 19

• Used for ceramics
• Nickel content replaced by Nitrogen ions (low frictional resistance = sliding)

Answer 19

Ion Treated Ni-Ti

Question 20

• Wire braided
• Turbo wire
• Rectangular format
• Extremely light force

Answer 20

Multiple wire

Question 21

TMA stands for?

Answer 21

Titanium Molybdenum Alloy

Question 22

Beta Titanium wires are also called as?

Answer 22

TMA / CAN wire

Question 23

Beta titanium wires were invented by?

Answer 23

Goldberg & CJ Burrstone

Question 24

The main advantages of these arch wires include high range of action, high spring back, receive bends, loops and helices and they can be welded or soldered.

Answer 24

Beta titanium / TMA wires

Question 25

Composition of TMA wires?

Answer 25

79% Titanium 11% Molybdenum 6% Zirconium 4% Selenium

Question 26

For intermediate/finishing wire

Answer 26

TMA wire

Question 27

In what tooth are TMA wires best used for? and in what format?

Answer 27

7's (2nd molar) Rectangular format

Question 28

Properties of this is in between SS & NiTi

Answer 28

TMA

Question 29

Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel wires are also known as?

Answer 29

Elgiloy

Question 30

These wires exhibit excellent formability, jointability, spring back and biocompatibility.

Answer 30

Co-Cr-Ni (Elgiloy) wires

Question 31

Optiflex arch wires are invented by?

Answer 31

MF Talass, 1992

Question 32

* Composed of clear optical fibers, and are highly esthetic. * The drawback of these arch wire is that they cannot receive sharp bends

Answer 32

Optiflex arch wire

Question 33

* Made up of a number of thin wires. * They can be round or rectangular and braided or twisted and may have three strands or six strands. * The main advantage of these arch wires is that they exhibit increased flexibility.

Answer 33

Multistranded arch wires

Question 34

Most used multistranded arch wire in the PH?

Answer 34

Co-axial wires

Question 35

* Early levelling and alignment * Need for extremely light force * Picking up second molar * Early torque control

Answer 35

Multistranded arch wires

Question 36

3 theories to vary SS arch wires?

Answer 36

(1) Change the length; add loops, circles, helices (2) Change the cross-sectional area; thinner wire. (3) Additional wire

Question 37

(5) Next generation wires?

Answer 37

* Glass Silicone Dioxide * Combination Arch Wire (Ni Ti & SS, Dual Flex) * Fiber Optic wire * Color coated wire * Super Wire