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Orthodontics 2 (Lab) > Lec 2.3: Types of Wires > Flashcards

Lec 2.3: Types of Wires Flashcards

1
Q
  • It was intensively used before 1940.
  • Exhibit excellent formability, environmental stability and biocompatibility.
  • The main drawbacks of these arch wires include high-cost, low-spring back and low-yield.
A

Gold

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2
Q
  • Exhibits adequate strength, high resilience, formability, high stiffness, biocompatibility and are economical
  • The drawback of these arch wires includes high modulus of elasticity; more frequent activations are required to maintain the same force level.
A

Stainless steel

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3
Q

Stainless steel wire was discovered by?

A

Wilkinson, 1929

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4
Q

Basic components of S.S. Wire?

A

18% Cr
8% Ni
0.2% C
71% Fe

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5
Q

Hardens steel

A

Cold working

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6
Q

Softens steel

A

Annealing

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7
Q

Makes steel dead soft

A

Fully annealed

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8
Q
  • Similar to SS
  • Secret formula of Wilcock
  • Key wire to Begg Technique
  • Excellent working wire
  • 20% stiffer than SS (more stiff – more brittle)
A

Australian wire

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9
Q

Nickel titanium wires are also known as?

A

NITINOL

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10
Q

Nickel titanium wires were invented by?

A

William R Buchler at Naval Ordinance Laboratory

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11
Q
  • The main advantage of this alloy over others is the high elasticity and shape-back memory.
  • The drawback of these arch wires is that they cannot be welded or soldered and cannot receive bends or loops or helices.
A

Nickel titanium wires

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12
Q
  • Andreasen 1978: NITINOl (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Lab)
  • Poor formability – can’t be bent into loops / stops
A

First generation Ni-Ti

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13
Q
  • Shape memory (wire remembers its original shape)
  • Super elasticity (force stays fairly constant during wire deformation)
A

Second generation Ni-Ti

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14
Q

Low temperature
Less energy stable
Can change shape

A

Martensitic phase

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15
Q

High temperature
More energy stable
Difficult to change shape

A

Austenitic phase

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16
Q

Temperature activated wires:
* ________ = colder state, constant activation, rapid tooth movement
* ________ = recommended temperature, milder activation, lower force
* ________ = intermittent activation, mild forces, high canines

A
  • 27 C
  • 35 C
  • 40 C
17
Q
  • Soft, pliable wire for earlier bracket engagement
  • Enhanced torque control for faster treatment.
  • Momentary forces applied to teeth early in treatment for reduced chair time
A

Temperature Activated Ni-Ti wires

18
Q
  • Metallurgy built into wire
  • Disadvantage: Anchorage loss
A

Graduated force delivery

19
Q
  • Used for ceramics
  • Nickel content replaced by Nitrogen ions (low frictional resistance = sliding)
A

Ion Treated Ni-Ti

20
Q
  • Wire braided
  • Turbo wire
  • Rectangular format
  • Extremely light force
A

Multiple wire

21
Q

TMA stands for?

A

Titanium Molybdenum Alloy

22
Q

Beta Titanium wires are also called as?

A

TMA / CAN wire

23
Q

Beta titanium wires were invented by?

A

Goldberg & CJ Burrstone

24
Q

The main advantages of these arch wires include high range of action, high spring back, receive bends, loops and helices and they can be welded or soldered.

A

Beta titanium / TMA wires

25
Q

Composition of TMA wires?

A

79% Titanium
11% Molybdenum
6% Zirconium
4% Selenium

26
Q

For intermediate/finishing wire

27
Q

In what tooth are TMA wires best used for? and in what format?

A

7’s (2nd molar)
Rectangular format

28
Q

Properties of this is in between SS & NiTi

29
Q

Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel wires are also known as?

30
Q

These wires exhibit excellent formability, jointability, spring back and biocompatibility.

A

Co-Cr-Ni (Elgiloy) wires

31
Q

Optiflex arch wires are invented by?

A

MF Talass, 1992

32
Q
  • Composed of clear optical fibers, and are highly esthetic.
  • The drawback of these arch wire is that they cannot receive sharp bends
A

Optiflex arch wire

33
Q
  • Made up of a number of thin wires.
  • They can be round or rectangular and braided or twisted and may have three strands or six strands.
  • The main advantage of these arch wires is that they exhibit increased flexibility.
A

Multistranded arch wires

34
Q

Most used multistranded arch wire in the PH?

A

Co-axial wires

35
Q
  • Early levelling and alignment
  • Need for extremely light force
  • Picking up second molar
  • Early torque control
A

Multistranded arch wires

36
Q

3 theories to vary SS arch wires?

A

(1) Change the length; add loops, circles, helices
(2) Change the cross-sectional area; thinner wire.
(3) Additional wire

37
Q

(5) Next generation wires?

A
  • Glass Silicone Dioxide
  • Combination Arch Wire (Ni Ti & SS, Dual Flex)
  • Fiber Optic wire
  • Color coated wire
  • Super Wire

Orthodontics 2 (Lab) (15 decks)

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