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Cardiovascular System > Lec. 23 Heart > Flashcards

Lec. 23 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the circulation systems

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION (loses O)
- carry oxygenated blood from heart to body & return deoxygenated blood to heart
PULMONARY CIRCULATION (gains O)
- carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs & return oxygenated blood to heart
CARDIAC CIRCULATION
- circulate blood through heart

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2
Q

Describe the cardiac conduction system

A

cardiac muscle cells (auto rhythmic self excitable cells) allow heart to beat rhythmically - Gap junctions allow action potentials to jump to next cell

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3
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle

A

All events that take place during one heartbeat

  • alternating period of contraction/relaxation
  • fluctuating pressures cause valves to open and close
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4
Q

What organs are contained in the thoracic cavity

A
  • heart & great vessels
  • trachea, bronchi, lungs
  • esophagus
  • thymus gland
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5
Q

Boundaries of the thoracic cavity

A

Ranges from thoracic inlet to diaphragm

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6
Q

What are the 3 spaces the thoracic cavity is divided into

A
  • pleural cavities (lateral sides)
    • contains the lungs
  • mediastinum (space between the lungs)
    • can be subdivided into posterior, anterior, middle and superior
      • middle section contains the heart
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7
Q

What are the great vessels around the heart

A

Drain blood into the two atria

  • Pulmonary veins
  • superior & inferior vena cava

Receive blood from the two ventricles

  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • pulmonary trunk
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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
- thin outer layer of connective tissue
Myocardium
- thick middle layer of cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium
- thin inner layer of endothelial tissue

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9
Q

What membrane surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium membrane

- consists of an inner fibrous portion and an outer serous portion

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10
Q

Describe fibrous pericardium’s job

A

Connective tissue layer that anchors heart to the diaphragm and blood vessels entering/exiting the heart

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11
Q

Describe serous pericardium’s job

A

Double layered membrane with small fluid filled space called pericardial cavity between the layers:

  • parietal layer (outer layer fused to the fibrous pericardium)
  • visceral layer (inner layer fused to the heart)
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12
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

Left & Right Atrium - superior chambers that receive blood

Left & Right Ventricle - inferior chambers that eject blood

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13
Q

What are the 4 valves that separate the chambers

A

Left & Right Atrioventricular Valves (left = bicuspid valve)
(right = tricuspid valve)
- separate atria from ventricles

Left & Right Semilunar Valves
(left = aortic valve)
(right = pulmonary valve)
- separate ventricles from the arteries that emerge from them

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14
Q

How do the atrioventricular valves (bicuspid/tricuspid) open

A
  • flaps open inferiorly to allow blood to enter the ventricles
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15
Q

How do the semilunar valves (pulmonary/aortic) open?

A
  • flaps open superiorly to allow blood to exit the ventricles
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16
Q

Describe coronary sulcus

A

Externally encircles the heart and marks the external boundary between atria and ventricles

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17
Q

Describe the interventricular sulcus

A

Grooves on anterior and posterior surface that roughly mark the external boundary between the ventricles

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18
Q

What is the path of blood flow in cardiac circulation

A

Right atrium —> tricuspid valve —> right ventricle —> Pulmonary valve
—> pulmonary trunk —> Pulmonary arteries —> pulmonary circulation —> lungs ~> pulmonary veins ~> left atrium ~> bicuspid vale ~> left ventricle ~> aortic valve ~> aorta ~> superior/inferior vena cava

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19
Q

Arteries carry blood ____ from the heart

A

Away

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20
Q

Veins carry blood _____ the heart

A

Toward

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21
Q

Most veins carry ____ blood

A

Deoxygenated

Pulmonary veins are an exception

22
Q

Most arteries carry _____ blood

A

Oxygenated

Pulmonary arteries are an exception

23
Q

What is A

A

Epicardium

24
Q

What is B

A

Myocardium

25
Q

What is C

A

Endocardium

26
Q

What do the Pulmonary veins do

A
  • drain blood into left atrium
27
Q

What do the superior and inferior vena cava do

A

Drain blood into right atrium

28
Q

What does the Aorta do

A

Receives blood from left ventricle

29
Q

What does the Pulmonary arteries do

A

Receives blood from right ventricle

30
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk do

A

Receives blood from the right ventricle

31
Q

What is A

A

Pleural cavities

32
Q

What is B

A

Mediastinum

33
Q

What is A

A

Pulmonary Artery

34
Q

What is B

A

Pulmonary vein

35
Q

What is C

A

Left atrium

36
Q

What is D

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

What is E

A

Right atrium

38
Q

What is F

A

Right ventricle

39
Q

What is A

A

Fibrous pericardium

40
Q

What is B

A

Serous pericardium

41
Q

What is C

A

Pericardial cavity

42
Q

What is 37

A

Right semilunar (pulmonary) valve

43
Q

What is 35

A

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

44
Q

What is 41

A

Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve

45
Q

What is A

A

Aorta

46
Q

What is B

A

Superior vena cava

47
Q

What is C

A

Pulmonary trunk

48
Q

What is A

A

Inferior vena cava

49
Q

What is B

A

Pulmonary arteries

50
Q

What is C

A

Pulmonary veins

51
Q

Coronary veins all drain into the _____ which drains deoxygenated blood into the ____ atrium

A

Coronary sinus

Right

Cardiovascular System (3 decks)

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