Lec 21 - Genetics and Blood Flashcards
carcinoma definition
cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs
sarcoma definition
cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective/supportive tissue
leukemia definition
- “WHITE-BLOOD”
- BONE MARROW AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD INVOLVED
- cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter blood stream
lymphoma and myeloma definition
- MASS IN LYMPH NODES OR OTHER SOFT TISSUES
- cancers that begin in cells of the immune system
central nervous system cancers definition
cancers that begin in brain or spinal cord tissue
acute leukemias - 2 main types: And COMMON SYMPTOM?
- acute myeloblastic (AML)
- acute lymphoblastic (ALL)
-PANCYTOPENIA-tumor cells displace or suppress normal blood elements in the bone marrow
Most common type of acute leukemia in adults?
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
acute lymphobastic - 2 types:
B-ALL 85%
T-ALL
Most common cancers in children?
acute lymphoblastic - AGGRESSIVE TUMORS
myeloproliferative neoplasms we are going through:
- polycythemia vera
- primary myelofibrosis
- essential thrombocythemia
- chronic myelogenous leukemia
polycythemia vera details
- JAK2 mutation
- high levels of functional RBCs
- median survival less than 1yrs w/o treatment
- TX: period blood removal, chemo
essential thrombocythemia details
- JAK2 or MPL mutation
- overproduction of megakaryocytes
- many patients asymptomatic until late in life (50yrs)
primary myelofibrosis details
- JAK2 or MPL mutations
- fibrosis and atypical megakaryocytes
- median survival varies from less than 1 to years depending on factors
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
- BCR-ABL fusion gene chromosomes 9 and 22
- overgrowth of granuocytic and megakaryocytic precursors in bone marrow
- untreated patients progress to acute leukemia within 5 years
- TX target the BCR-ABL kinase or stem cell transplant
myelodysplastic syndrome definition:
type of cancer in which the bone marrow does not make enough healthy blood cells (WBC, RBC, platelets) and there are abnormal cells in the blood or bone marrow - can convert to acute myeloid leukemia
plasma cell disorder =
myeloma = huge amount if immunoglobulin
acute lymphoblastic leukemia is usually what cells?
immature pre-B cells
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma are due to:
mature B cell disorder
frequently associated with EBV?
lymphoma
lymphoma - 2 main types
hodgkins and non hodgkins
hodgkins lymphoma distinguishing feature:
-reed-sternberg cells (large cell with two or more nuclei or nuclear lobes, each of which contains a large eosinophilic nucleolus
non-hodgkins lymphomas diseases:
- follicular lymphoma
- extranodla marginal zone lymphoma
- diffuse large b-cell lymphoma
- burkitt lymphoma
impaired oncogene in follicular lymphoma?
BCL-2
impaired oncogene in extranodla marginal zone lymphoma
NFkB
