Lec 2. Pediatric Eye Exam Techniques for Infants and Young Children Flashcards
What are you most concerning about infants (birth to 18 months)?
- Amblyopia strabismus (congenital ET, Pseudo-ET) and high refractive error
- congenital malformations, neurologic disorders, ocular pathology and developmental delays
What are you most concern about in toddlers (18-3 years)?
- Amblyopia, strabismus (accommodative ET), and moderate refractive error
- congenital malforations, ocular pathology and developmental delays.
How many days is normal staying at the hospital after birth?
2 to 3 days.
if it’s a week, there might be some small condition to the baby.
if it’s a month, there must be something serious going on with the baby.
What is Monocular/Binocular Fixation Pattern? (Fix, Follow, Maintain)
It’s a gross assessment of acuity and relative difference in acuity between eyes. Not quantitative, may show fixation preference without amblyopia when strabismus present.
Which test is most objective?
VEP. It does not require perceptual recognition, communication, coordinated motor responses.
What are the subjective tests?
Lea Symbols, Patti Pics, HOTV, Tumbling E, Broken Wheel
is preferential looking test objective or subjective?
objective
Is preferential looking test under or over- estimates acuity loss due to amblyopia, refractive error and macular/foveal pathology?
underestimates
in FPL, 1 month will have VA of ____.
20/600
in FPL, 3 month will have VA of ____.
20/200
in FPL, 6 month will have VA of ____.
20/100
in FPL, 12 month will have VA of ____.
20/50
in FPL, 3-5 years will have VA of ____.
20/20
What type of test isTeller Acuity Card?
Preferential looking for infants
What type of test is Keeler Acuity Card?
PL for infants
What type of test is Lea Grating Paddle?
PL. it’s more portable than Teller Acuity or the Keeler Acuity Cards but the examiners’ face can be distracting because it’s not covered.
Expected VA of Cardiff acuity test of a 12-18 months is ____.
20/50 - 20/120
Expected VA of Cardiff acuity test of a 18-24 months (1.5 - 2 yrs) is ____.
20/25 - 20/100
Expected VA of Cardiff acuity test of a 24-30 months (2 - 2.5 yrs) is ____.
20/25 - 20/60
Expected VA of Cardiff acuity test of a 30- 36 months (2.5 - 3 yrs) is ____.
20/20 - 20/40
What are the advantages of Lea symbols, Patti Pics and HOTV?
they are both distance and near, well standardized, available in LogMAR form with crowding bars; multiple chart formats for distance and near.
Why don’t we want to use Allen Figures?
It’s not standardized.
What is a significant difference between eyes or between visits?
teller/keller acuity cards…2 cards
Cardiff acuity test..2 cards
Snellen acuity… 3 lines
LogMAR acuity test.. 4 letters
What tests to check for the kid’s eye alignments?
Hirschberg, Krimsky, Bruckner test, cover test
