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Prosthetics and Orthotics > Lec. 2: Orthoses of ankle and foot > Flashcards

Lec. 2: Orthoses of ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

WHY ARE ANKLE ORTHOSES COMMONLY USED?

A

 Commonly used for ankle sprains
 Mechanism of injury – excessive plantar flexion, supination and
adduction
 The purpose of the orthosis is to prevent these motions from
occurring

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE NEGATIVE
PROLONGED EFFECTS OF AN ANKLE
SPRAIN?

A

 40% with ankle sprains are functionally unstable Lose the ability for the foot to be a rigid lever

 An external support may allow normal mechanics while restricting undesired motion

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3
Q

GOALS GUIDING THE ACUTE PHASE OF TREATMENT

A
  • Control inflammation & edema (PRICE)
  • Limit inversion and eversion
  • Promote dorsiflexion
  • Control forces to stimulate collagen alignment
  • Stimulate normal proprioceptive feedback
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4
Q

What do all stirrup orthoses try to control

A

All attempt to control the calcaneus

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5
Q

With stirrup orthoses, what is the purpose of the foot plate

A

Foot plates can control PF

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6
Q

WHAT IS NEEDED FOR FUNCTIONAL GAIT?

A

Support of the body weight during stance phase

Foot clearance during swing phase

Foot must be pre-positioned right before heel strike

Reasonable control of foot, ankle, knee and hip

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7
Q

1st rocker of stance

A

heel rocker
@ initial contact
Controlled by dorsiflexors

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8
Q

2nd rocker of stance

A
  • as the tibia advances from 10 degrees of PF to 10 degrees DF
  • Soleus controls eccentrically to control speed
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9
Q

3rd rocker of stance

A

forefoot rocker

-heel off, and the body weight rolls off the 1st ray for toe-off

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10
Q

Indications for an AFO

A

-Weakness of the foot, ankle or knee
– Especially to control for:
 Toe/Foot dragging
Knee buckling
Compensatory gait deviation

  • Prevent and or correct flexible deformity
  • Accommodate weight transference with non-flexible/fixed deformity
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11
Q

Contraindications for an AFO

A
  • Open wound in contact with orthosis

- Pathology, impairment or symptom that cannot be improved with an orthosis

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12
Q

Precautions for an AFO

A

Spasticity

-can cause inc. pressure, causing skin breakdown

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13
Q

Ankle control: What does free motion mean

A

mediolateral stability and free DF/PF

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14
Q

Ankle control: What does limited motion mean

A

Motion restricted in one or more plane (DF/PF)

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15
Q

Ankle control: What does solid ankle refer to

A

No movement allowed

-indicated for severe pain or instability

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16
Q

What is 3 point pressure control

A

Achieve joint stability by providing points of pressure

  1. opposing point at or near the axis of rotation
  2. above the axis
  3. below the axis
17
Q

SMO describe a pt’s
Inv/Ev
PF/DF
Knee

A

Pt has no Inv/ev control
But has PF/DF
And knee control

18
Q

Fixed AFO describe a pt’s
Inv/Ev
PF/DF
Knee

A

Pt has no Inv/ev control
Or PF/DF
And decreased knee control

19
Q

Hinged AFO describe a pt’s
Inv/Ev
PF/DF
Knee

A

Pt doesn’t have Inv/Ev
Has DF/PF
Dec. knee control

20
Q

DF-assist AFO describe a pt’s
Inv/Ev
PF/DF
Knee

A

Has Inv/Ev
No DF/PF (needs assist into DF)
Has knee control

21
Q

Ground Reaction AFO describe a pt’s
Inv/Ev
PF/DF
Knee

A

Pt has no Inv/Ev
No DF/PF
Poor knee control

22
Q

How does a Ground Reaction AFO help control the knee

A

It has an anterior shell to stop anterior translation of the tibia

23
Q

How could you test out if a pt would benefit from a DF-Assist AFO

A

By doing a DF assist wrap

24
Q

PLS and spiral are examples of

A

DF assist AFOs

25
Q

A pt who has fluctuations in edema may benefit from which type of AFO

A

conventional “metal bar” orthosis.

  • it accommodates for this
  • has minimal contact with skin
26
Q

How can an AFO limit genu recurvatum

A

setting at 5-7 degrees of DF can limit genu recurvatum but pt must have quad strength!

27
Q

A Ground reaction AFO is indicated for

A

Excessive KF in WBing

Excessive ankle DF in WBing

28
Q

What would a Ground reaction AFO with a posterior leaf do?

A

the posterior capsule would help decrease hyperextension and it will still limit the anterior translation of the tibia

29
Q

An ankle locked in PF yields what at the knee

A

Extension

30
Q

The intrepid dynamic exoskeletal orthosis is better at walking or running

A

running

31
Q

What do external to shoe AFOs offer

A

Only offer DF

Prosthetics and Orthotics (1 decks)

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