LEC 2 medical asepsis

Question 1

the state of being free from living pathogenic
organisms
the methods of achieving a germ-free condition

Answer 1

a·sep·sis

Question 2

TWO CATEGORIES of asepsis

Answer 2

Medical Asepsis
Surgical Asepsis

Question 3

• involves a reduction in numbers of infectious agents
  but does not necessarily reduce it to zero
• The microbes are not eliminated, however, instead, their environment is altered so that it is not conducive to growth and reproduction

Answer 3

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

Question 4

the procedure used to prevent contamination of
microbes before surgery

Answer 4

Surgical Asepsis

Question 5

A set of infection control practices that healthcare
personnel use to reduce transmission of
microorganisms in healthcare settings

Answer 5

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Question 6

Protect both healthcare personnel and patients from
contact with infectious agents

Answer 6

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Question 7

2 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Answer 7

1. HAND HYGIENE
2. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Question 8

(hand washing with soap and water or
use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer) before and after
patient contact and after contact with the immediate
patient care environment..

Answer 8

Hand hygiene

Question 9

when exposure to blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions
(except sweat), mucous membranes, or non-intact skin
is anticipated.

Answer 9

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 10

PPE includes:

Answer 10

◦ Gloves– when hand contamination is anticipated
◦ Masks, face shields and eye protection– when
splashes may occur
◦ Gowns– when soiling of clothes may occur

Question 11

when soiling of clothes may occur

Answer 11

gowns

Question 12

when hand contamination is anticipated

Answer 12

Gloves

Question 13

when
splashes may occur

Answer 13

Masks, face shields and eye protection

Question 14

Should be used by healthcare personnel caring for
patients regardless of the patient’s diagnosis and
whether or not the patient is known to have a
communicable infection.

Answer 14

Standard Precautions

Question 15

In other words, Standard
Precautions should be used for __

Answer 15

all patients, all the
time

Question 16

 Infections are a serious problem in healthcare facilities.
◦ Every year, an estimated___ patients get a
hospital-related infection.
◦ _____die from their infection.

Answer 16

2 million;
90,000

Question 17

When should you wash your hands?

Answer 17

 Whenever hands are visibly dirty or contaminated.
 Before:
◦ having contact with patients
◦ putting on gloves
◦ inserting any invasive device
◦ manipulating an invasive device

Question 18

When should you wash your hands?
 After:

Answer 18

◦ having contact with a patient’s skin
◦ having contact with bodily fluids or excretions, non
intact skin, wound dressings, contaminated items having contact with inanimate objects near a patient
◦ removing gloves

Question 19

Surfaces in the patient care environment – including
______ – are
often contaminated with bacteria.

Answer 19

bed rails, IV pumps, and even computer keyboards

Question 20

the simplest and yet the MOST
important thing that you can do to reduce the spread
of disease and to keep you from getting sick.

Answer 20

Handwashing

Question 21

1. Remove jewelry (wedding
   and engagement rings usually
   remain)
2. Use hand- or foot
   controlled faucet.

Answer 21

MEDICAL
HANDWASHING

Question 22

1. Remove all jewelry
2. Use foot- or knee-controlled
   faucet.

Answer 22

SURGICAL HANDWASHING

Question 23

3. Wash hands and wrists for ** 3. Wash hands and wrists for 2
   to 3 minutes.

Answer 23

MEDICAL
HANDWASHING

Question 24

Wash hands, wrists and
forearms for 10 min with brush
(first surgical scrub of day)

Answer 24

SURGICAL H.

Question 25

Hold hands in upward position while rinsing.

Answer 25

SURGICAL H.

Question 26

Hold hands in downward position while rinsing.

Answer 26

MEDICAL H.

Question 27

Use brush and cuticle stick

Answer 27

MEDICAL H.

Question 28

Use cuticle stick on nails.

Answer 28

SURGICAL H.

Question 29

Dry hands with paper or clean cloth towel.

Answer 29

MEDICAL H.

Question 30

Dry hands with sterile towel.

Answer 30

SURGICAL H.

Question 31

Keep hands upright and do not touch anything until sterile gloves are applied. Do not apply lotion.

Answer 31

SURGICAL H.

Question 32

Turn off hand faucets with paper or clean cloth towel. Lotion may be applied.

Answer 32

MEDICAL H

Question 33

Includes any device or garment that protects the individual from contact with blood and body fluid that may contain bloodborne pathogens

Answer 33

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Question 34

May be reused for up to 1week.

Answer 34

N95 respirator

Question 35

May be used for up to 8 hours

Answer 35

Surgical mask

Question 36

Level 1

Answer 36

Surgical Mask

Question 37

Level 2

Answer 37

Surgical mask, goggles/ faceshirld

Question 38

Level 3

Answer 38

N95mask gown gloves shoe cover goggles/facehsields

Question 39

Level 4

Answer 39

coveralls

Question 40

prevent contamination of healthcare professional’s hands and help reduce the spread of pathogens

Answer 40

GLOVES

Question 41

It’s important to know that gloves do not provide _____ from hand contamination .That’s why hand hygiene is so important before and after glove use!

Answer 41

complete protection

Question 42

All factors involved in the spread of disease

Answer 42

Cycle of infection

Question 43

Cycle of infection (6)

Answer 43

a. Infectious organism: Pathogen b. Reservoir of infection: Place where organisms can thrive c. Portal of exit: Any avenue available to exit the body d. Mode of transportation: Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host e. Portal of entry: Any avenue available to enter the body f. Susceptible host: Person at risk for infection

Question 44

a. _: Pathogen b. _: Place where organisms can thrive c._: Any avenue available to exit the body d. _: Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host e. _: Any avenue available to enter the body f. _: Person at risk for infection

Answer 44

a. Infectious organism: Pathogen b. Reservoir of infection: Place where organisms can thrive c. Portal of exit: Any avenue available to exit the body d. Mode of transportation: Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host e. Portal of entry: Any avenue available to enter the body f. Susceptible host: Person at risk for infection

Question 45

Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care activities, about 80% is .

Answer 45

general waste

Question 46

The remaining 20% is considered ___ that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive.

Answer 46

hazardous material

Question 47

Every year an estimated ____ injections are administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards.

Answer 47

16,000 million

Question 48

____ contains potentially harmful micro organisms which can infect hospital patients, health-care workers and the general public. Other potential infectious risks may include the spread of drug-resistant micro-organisms from health-care establishments into the environment.

Answer 48

Health-care waste

Question 49

waste contaminated with blood and its by-products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, waste from patients in isolation wards, discarded diagnostic samples containing blood and body fluids, infected animals from laboratories, and contaminated materials (swabs, bandages) and equipment (such as disposable medical devices)

Answer 49

Infectious Waste

Question 50

recognizable body parts and contaminated animal carcasses

Answer 50

Pathological Waste

Question 51

syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and blades, etc.

Answer 51

Sharps:

Question 52

for example mercury, solvents and disinfectants

Answer 52

Chemicals:

Question 53

expired, unused, and contaminated drugs; vaccines and sera

Answer 53

Pharmaceuticals:

Question 54

highly hazardous, mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic, such as cytotoxic drugs used in cancer treatment and their metabolites;

Answer 54

Genotoxic Waste:

Question 55

such as glassware contaminated with radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials

Answer 55

Radioactive Waste

Question 56

such as broken mercury thermometers.

Answer 56

Heavy Metals Waste

Question 57

When cleaning an article such as radiographic table, start with the __ area and progress to the ___ area. This prevent the cleaner areas from becoming more heavily contaminated.

Answer 57

least soiled ;least soiled

Question 58

Placed used needle/sharps uncapped into a

Answer 58

puncture-resistant container

Question 59

a term used to describe the removal by means of mechanical and chemical processes of pathogenic microorganisms, but frequently not their spores, but from objects or body surfaces.

Answer 59

DISINFECTION

Question 60

a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting only an inanimate object e.g. ( phenol , chlorine )

Answer 60

DISINFECTANT

Question 61

refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, prions and spore forms etc.) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium.  can be achieved through application of steam, chemical vapor sterilization, dry heat sterilization and ethylene oxide gas sterilization

Answer 61

STERILIZATION

Question 62

* Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure is the sterilant used in the steam sterilizer (autoclave). * Steam sterilization of medical devices is the least time consuming, and the preferred, method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable medical devices.

Answer 62

Steam Sterilization

Question 63

Unsaturated chemical vapor (a mixture of alcohol, water, ketones, and formaldehyde heated under pressure) is a typical sterilant used in this method of sterilization.

Answer 63

Chemical Vapor Sterilization

Question 64

 Hot air is the sterilant used in the dry heat sterilizer (hot air oven). It is a slow process because it depends upon higher temperatures to incinerate microorganisms.  This method of sterilization is used for heat-stable, moisture-sensitive, or steam impermeable medical devices and products.

Answer 64

Dry Heat Sterilization

Question 65

 Ethylene oxide (EtO) is the sterilant used for gas sterilization.  This method of sterilization is used for heat-sensitive items

Answer 65

Ethylene Oxide Sterilization