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Cvs Patho 🫀 > Lec 2 🪄 > Flashcards

Lec 2 🪄 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the meaning of arteriosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔹artial wall thickning and losing of elasticity

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2
Q

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by finding a lesion called ⁉️

A

🔺intimal lesion ➡️atheromas
➡️atheromatous
➡️atherosclerotic plaques

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3
Q

What’s the components of the atheromas (intimal lesion) ⁉️

A

🔹soft friable lipid corse ➡️cholesterol and cholesterol esters ,necrotic debris
🔹this friable lipid course is covered by ➡️fibrous cap 🧢

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4
Q

What’s the complication if the atherosclerosis plaque enlarged ⁉️

A

🔸blood vessels obstruction

🔸stenosis

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5
Q

What’s the complication if atherosclerosis plaque got raptured ⁉️

A

🔸sudden vessels oclussion

🔸thrombosis formation

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6
Q

What’s the complication if the atherosclerosis plaque got thickned⁉️

A

🥲the perfusion will decrease to underlying media

🪄changes in ECM and blood vessels weakness

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7
Q

What’re the components of fibrous cap ⁉️

A 
🔺collagen 
🔺SM 
🔺elastin 
🔺foam cell 
🔺macrophages 
🔺lymphocytes 
🔺proteoglycan
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8
Q

Mention the nonmodifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔹age
🔹gender
🔹family history
🔹genetic abnormalities

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9
Q

Family history nonmodifiable risk factors ⁉️

A

🔹Hypercholestrolemia
🔹DM
🔹hypertension

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10
Q

Major risk factors for atherosclerosis development is ⁉️

A

✔️🙂hyperlipidemia

✔️🙂hyper cholesterolemia

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11
Q

What’s the difference between LDL and HDL ⁉️

A

LDL➡️ bad cholesterol (so we need it in a little level )➡️distributes cholesterol to peripheral tissues

HDL ➡️good cholesterol (so we need it in a higher level)➡️mobillize cholestrol from plaques to liver for biliary excretion

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12
Q

What’s the drug of choice in hyperlipidemia atherosclerosis treatment ⁉️

A

🔷Statins ➡️inhibit cholesterol synthesis

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13
Q

Additional risk factors for atherosclerosis plaque rapture ⁉️

A

🔹inflammatory cell present during all stages of atheromatous plaque formation

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14
Q

What’s the systematic marker of inflammation ⁉️

A

🔶C-reactive protein ➡️CRP

🔶it’s the simplest and most sensitive

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15
Q

What’s the crp ⁉️

A

🔆It’s synthesized by the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines

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16
Q

When the CRP is reduced ⁉️

A

❄️stop smoking
❄️weight loss
❄️exercise

17
Q

What’s the effect of hyper homocysteinemia on atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

Homocysteinemia ➡️inborn error of metabolism ➡️elevated circulating homocysteine ➡️early onest for vascular disease,storke,thrombosis,coronary atherosclerosis

18
Q

What’s could increase the level of homocysteine ⁉️

A

🔅law folate intake

🔅law B12 intake

19
Q

What’s the effect of lipoproteina on atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔻it’s an LDL like particle
🔻they increase the risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disease
🔻it don’t depend on LDL level
🔻increase procoagulant levels

20
Q

What’s the effect of colonal hematopoiesis⁉️

A

Major clone of cell in bone 🦴 marrow ➡️mutation in one or more wallcharacteized oncogenes or tumor suppressor gene

21
Q

Does the colonal hematopoiesis effect the normality of blood 🩸⁉️

A

No

22
Q

Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔺EC injury ➡️endothelial dysfunction ➡️increased permeability and thrombosis
🔺acummulation of lipoprotein ➡️lDL and cholesterol
🔺platelets adhesion
🔺monocytes adhesion to endotheliam ➡️migrate to intima ➡️differentiate into macrophages and foam cell
🔺lipid accumulation in macrophages
🔺SMC recruitment due to factors released from microphage
🔺SMC proliferation and ECM production

23
Q

Plaque tend to occur in which area⁉️

A

🔺ostia of vessel
🔺branch point
🔺posterior wall of abdominal aorta 🫀

24
Q

How the lipids are transported in blood 🩸⁉️

A

🐦bounded to specific apoproties ➡️forming lipoprotein complex

25
Q

Dyslipoproteinemias ⁉️⁉️⁉️

A

Mutations in genes that encode apoprotines ➡️lipoprotein receptors
هاي امراض رح تزيد اللlipid في الدم

26
Q

Inflammation effect on atherosclerosis ⁉️

A 
It effect 
🔹initiation 
🔹progression 
🔹complication 
Of atherosclerosis
27
Q

🔷What’s the effect of monocytes in atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔆it differentiates into macrophages to ingulf lipoprotein and oxidized LDL

28
Q

🔶what’s the effect of T lymphocytes on atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔸increase intima interact with macrophages

29
Q

Morphology of atherosclerosis ⁉️

A

🔷fatty streak ➡️developed into atherosclerosis plaque

30
Q

What’s the fatty streaks ⁉️

A

🔺elongated lesion 1cm ➡️minute yellow lesion on flat muscle

31
Q

Fatty streaks can apper in which age ?

A

🔹in the aorta of infants 👶🏻 from 1 year

🔹not all of fatty streaks will develop into ➡️atherosclerosis plaque ⛔️💢

32
Q

Components of faty streak ⁉️

A

💢lipid -filled foamy macrophages

💢don’t cause flow disterbuse ⛔️

33
Q

Atherosclerosis plaque ⁉️

A

💢white to yellow lesion ➡️0.3 to 1.5
💢ulceated plaque ➡️red brown color
💢found in local flow disturbance such as branch point

34
Q

🙂In descending order of severity mention places where the atherosclerosis plaque are found ⁉️

A

🔆abdominal aorta ➡️coronary artery ➡️popliteal ➡️internal cartoid

🔆even in the same patient it’s more sever in aorta than cartoid

35
Q

Mention places that it’s rare to find atherosclerosis plaque in it ⁉️

A

💢upper extremities
💢mesentric arteries
💢renal arteries
⛔️not on the ostia

Cvs Patho 🫀 (1 decks)

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