Lec 19 Diabetes

Question 1

Signs of non proliferators Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 1

Loss of pericytes causing

• MA
• macular oedema
• dot blot flame haem
• hard exudates
• intraretinal oedema
• CWS
• IRMAS
• Venous beading

Question 2

What is venous beading or looping and why is it important

Answer 2

Variations in vein caliber that occur with severe ischaemia

Impt as biggest risk factor to transform to proliferators DR

Question 3

What signs are for R0 - No DR

Answer 3

No abnormalities

Question 4

What signs are for R1 -Minimal

Answer 4

<5MA or dot haems

Question 5

What signs are for R2 Mild DR

Answer 5

> 4MA or dot haems
Exudates >2DD from fovea

Some blot and larger haems acceptable but if more than 20 MA or haems per photograph, upgrade to R3

Question 6

What signs are for R3 Moderate DR

Answer 6

Any feature of R2 Mild

Blot or larger haems

Up to 1 quadrant of venous beading

Question 7

What signs are for R4 Severe DR

Answer 7

One or more of:

• definite IRMAS
• 2 quadrants or more of venous beading
• 4 quadrants of blots or larger haems

Question 8

What signs are for R5 Proliferative DR

Answer 8

One or more of:

• neovasc
• subhyaloid or vitreous haem
• traction all RD or retinal gliosis