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Lipids > Lec > Flashcards

Lec Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of organic molecules of varying chemical composition

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Solubility in non-polar solvents

A

Hydrophobic

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3
Q

Comes from greek word which means lard/fat

A

“lipos”

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4
Q

Groups of Lipids, namely:

A

Fatty acids
Glycerides
Non-glyceride lipids
Complex lipids

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5
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Complex lipids

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6
Q

Glycerol-containing lipids

A

Glycerides

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7
Q

Sphingolipids
Steroids
Wax

A

Non-glyceride lipids

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8
Q

Saturated
Unsaturated

A

Fatty acids

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9
Q

Energy source

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

How many kcal of energy in 1gram of fat

A

9 kcal

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11
Q

Energy storage

A

Triglyceride in adipocytes

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12
Q

Storage form of CHOs

A

Glycogen

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13
Q

Cell membrane structural components

A

Phosphoglycerides
Sphingolipids
Steroids

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14
Q

Basic structure of all cell membranes

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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15
Q

Hormones

A

Steroid hormones

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16
Q

Vitamins (lipid-soluble)

A

A,D,E and K

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17
Q

Vitamin absorption

A

Dietary fat - carrier

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18
Q

Protection - shock absorber

A

Fats

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19
Q

Insulation

A

Subcutaneous fats

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20
Q

Long chain monocarboxylic acids (COOH)
Even no. of c atoms

A

Fatty acids

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21
Q

A. Polar end
B. Non-polar end

A

A. Hydrophilic (OH)
B. Hydrophobic (R)

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22
Q

Short chain fatty acids

A

Less than 6 C

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23
Q

Medium chain fatty acids

A

6-10 C / 11

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24
Q

Long chain fatty acids

A

More than 12 C

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25
Q

No. of carbon atoms, namely:

A

Short chain fatty acids
Medium chain fatty acids
Long chain fatty acids

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26
Q

C being saturated with H
No double bonds

A

Saturated fatty acids

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27
Q

At least 1 C-C double bond
In cis config.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

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28
Q

2 types (unsaturated)

A

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated

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29
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

More than 1 C-C double bond

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30
Q

Monounsaturated

A

1 C-C double bond

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31
Q

Double bond nearest the methyl end (Ch3) of c atom

A

Omega number

32
Q

1st double bond 3 atoms (away) from methyl end

A

Omega 3 FA

33
Q

6 carbons from methyl end

A

Omega 6 FA

34
Q

Loc. Of Hydrogen

A

-cis fatty acids
-trans fatty acids

35
Q

Cis-fatty

A

Same side
U-like formation
Naturally occuring

36
Q

Trans-fatty

A

Opposite side
Straight line
Partially occuring hydrogenated food

37
Q

A. FA with DB before C9
B. Acid?

A

A. Essential
B. Linoleic acid

38
Q

A. FA without DB before C9
B. Acid?

A

A. Non-essential
B. Oleic acid

39
Q

A. FA reacts with alcohol
B. Forming?

A

A. Esterification
B. Esters and water

40
Q

Products of dehydration of carboxylic acid and alcohol

41
Q

Producing fatty acids from esters

A

Acid hydrolysis

42
Q

Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters

A

Saponification

43
Q

Ionized salt product of the Rx
Long uncharged hydrocarbon chain
Negatively charged terminus - carboxylate

44
Q

Strong bases - saponification

A

NaOH
KOH
Lard

45
Q

Used in food industry
Polyunsaturated vegetable oils - saturated solid fats

A

Hydrogenation

46
Q

A. Carried out to add H to some DB in polyunsaturated oils
B. Liquid vegetables oils - solid form

A

A. Partial Hydrogenation
B. Crisco and margarine

47
Q

Containing glycerol molecule and fatty acids

A

Glycerides

48
Q

A. Non-ionic and non-polar
B. Esterification may occur at what positions

A

A. Neutral glycerides
B. Mono, Di, Tri

49
Q

A. Polar/Hydrophilic region
B. Can be seen where?

A

A. Phosphoglycerides
B. Cell membranes

50
Q

Simple phosphoglyceride

A

Phosphatidate

51
Q

Non-glyceride lipids

A

Sphingolipids
Cerebrosides
Steroids
Bile salts
Steroid hormones
Wax

52
Q

A. Not derived from glycerol / amphipathic
B. Derived from?

A

A. Sphingolipids
B. Sphingosine

53
Q

A. Smallest sphingolipid
Found in myelin sheath
Impt. components of nerve cell membranes
B. Role?

A

A. Sphingomyelins
B. Cerebral function and nerve transmission

54
Q

A. Built on ceramide backbone structure
B. Includes…?

A

A. Glycosphingolipids
B. Cerebrosides, Sulfatides, Gangliosides

55
Q

Single monosaccharide head group

A

Cerebrosides

56
Q

A. Found in membranes of macrophages
B. Consists of ceramides bonded to?

A

A. Glucocerebroside
B. Hexose glucose

57
Q

A. Found in membranes of brain cells
B. Ceramide joined to?

A

A. Galactocerebroside
B. Monosaccharide galactose

58
Q

Contains steroid nucleus

59
Q

A. Sterol found in membrane that is amphipathic
B. Chemical name

A

A. Cholesterol
B. Perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene Ring

60
Q

A. Regulates membrane fluidity
B. Polar

A

A. Nonpolar fused ring
B. Hydroxyl group

61
Q

Esterified form of cholesterol
Very hydrophobic
No polar groups (OH)

A

Cholesteryl ester

62
Q

A. Amphipathic derivatives of cholesterol
B. Synthesized? Stored?

A

A. Bile salts
B. Liver; Gallbladder

63
Q

Aids in digestion of fats

A

Emulsifying agent

64
Q

A. Contains steroid nucleus
B. Travel to?

A

A. Steroid hormones
B. Aid of carrier

65
Q

Steroid hormones, namely:

A

Testosterone
Progesterone
Estrone, Estrogen
Cortisone and Cortisol
Aldosterone

66
Q

Long hydrocarbon tails
Extremely hydrophobic

A

Wax (paraffin)

67
Q

Protective coating — hair/skin

68
Q

A. Core of hydrophobic lipids
B. Surrounded by?
C. Shape
D. Size

A

A. Lipoproteins
B. Amphipathic proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol
C. Spherical
D. 10-1,200 nm

69
Q

Protein part of LPP

A

Apolipoproteins

70
Q

A. Larger core regions (the larger the LPP, the more lipid relative to CHON)
B. Contains?

A

A. Large LPP
B. More TAG/cholesteryl esters

71
Q

Classifications…. — Centrifugation

A

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

72
Q

Travels….
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL

A

A. won’t move in electrophoresis
B. Beta region
C. Pre beta region
D. Alpha region

73
Q

Percentage:

Chylomicrons
A. Triglycerides
B. Protein

A

A. 80%-90%
B. 2%

74
Q

Percentage:

VLDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein

A

A. 55%-65%
B. 10%
C. 5-10%

75
Q

Percentage:

LDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein

A

A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 25%

76
Q

Percentage:

HDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein

A

A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 50%

Lipids (1 decks)

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