Lec Flashcards
1
Q
Collection of organic molecules of varying chemical composition
A
Lipids
2
Q
Solubility in non-polar solvents
A
Hydrophobic
3
Q
Comes from greek word which means lard/fat
A
“lipos”
4
Q
Groups of Lipids, namely:
A
Fatty acids
Glycerides
Non-glyceride lipids
Complex lipids
5
Q
Lipoproteins
A
Complex lipids
6
Q
Glycerol-containing lipids
A
Glycerides
7
Q
Sphingolipids
Steroids
Wax
A
Non-glyceride lipids
8
Q
Saturated
Unsaturated
A
Fatty acids
9
Q
Energy source
A
Oxidation
10
Q
How many kcal of energy in 1gram of fat
A
9 kcal
11
Q
Energy storage
A
Triglyceride in adipocytes
12
Q
Storage form of CHOs
A
Glycogen
13
Q
Cell membrane structural components
A
Phosphoglycerides
Sphingolipids
Steroids
14
Q
Basic structure of all cell membranes
A
Phospholipid bilayer
15
Q
Hormones
A
Steroid hormones
16
Q
Vitamins (lipid-soluble)
A
A,D,E and K
17
Q
Vitamin absorption
A
Dietary fat - carrier
18
Q
Protection - shock absorber
A
Fats
19
Q
Insulation
A
Subcutaneous fats
20
Q
Long chain monocarboxylic acids (COOH)
Even no. of c atoms
A
Fatty acids
21
Q
A. Polar end
B. Non-polar end
A
A. Hydrophilic (OH)
B. Hydrophobic (R)
22
Q
Short chain fatty acids
A
Less than 6 C
23
Q
Medium chain fatty acids
A
6-10 C / 11
24
Q
Long chain fatty acids
A
More than 12 C
25
No. of carbon atoms, namely:
Short chain fatty acids
Medium chain fatty acids
Long chain fatty acids
26
C being saturated with H
No double bonds
Saturated fatty acids
27
At least 1 C-C double bond
In cis config.
Unsaturated fatty acids
28
2 types (unsaturated)
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
29
Polyunsaturated
More than 1 C-C double bond
30
Monounsaturated
1 C-C double bond
31
Double bond nearest the methyl end (Ch3) of c atom
Omega number
32
1st double bond 3 atoms (away) from methyl end
Omega 3 FA
33
6 carbons from methyl end
Omega 6 FA
34
Loc. Of Hydrogen
-cis fatty acids
-trans fatty acids
35
Cis-fatty
Same side
U-like formation
Naturally occuring
36
Trans-fatty
Opposite side
Straight line
Partially occuring hydrogenated food
37
A. FA with DB before C9
B. Acid?
A. Essential
B. Linoleic acid
38
A. FA without DB before C9
B. Acid?
A. Non-essential
B. Oleic acid
39
A. FA reacts with alcohol
B. Forming?
A. Esterification
B. Esters and water
40
Products of dehydration of carboxylic acid and alcohol
Esters
41
Producing fatty acids from esters
Acid hydrolysis
42
Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters
Saponification
43
Ionized salt product of the Rx
Long uncharged hydrocarbon chain
Negatively charged terminus - carboxylate
Soap
44
Strong bases - saponification
NaOH
KOH
Lard
45
Used in food industry
Polyunsaturated vegetable oils - saturated solid fats
Hydrogenation
46
A. Carried out to add H to some DB in polyunsaturated oils
B. Liquid vegetables oils - solid form
A. Partial Hydrogenation
B. Crisco and margarine
47
Containing glycerol molecule and fatty acids
Glycerides
48
A. Non-ionic and non-polar
B. Esterification may occur at what positions
A. Neutral glycerides
B. Mono, Di, Tri
49
A. Polar/Hydrophilic region
B. Can be seen where?
A. Phosphoglycerides
B. Cell membranes
50
Simple phosphoglyceride
Phosphatidate
51
Non-glyceride lipids
Sphingolipids
Cerebrosides
Steroids
Bile salts
Steroid hormones
Wax
52
A. Not derived from glycerol / amphipathic
B. Derived from?
A. Sphingolipids
B. Sphingosine
53
A. Smallest sphingolipid
Found in myelin sheath
Impt. components of nerve cell membranes
B. Role?
A. Sphingomyelins
B. Cerebral function and nerve transmission
54
A. Built on ceramide backbone structure
B. Includes...?
A. Glycosphingolipids
B. Cerebrosides, Sulfatides, Gangliosides
55
Single monosaccharide head group
Cerebrosides
56
A. Found in membranes of macrophages
B. Consists of ceramides bonded to?
A. Glucocerebroside
B. Hexose glucose
57
A. Found in membranes of brain cells
B. Ceramide joined to?
A. Galactocerebroside
B. Monosaccharide galactose
58
Contains steroid nucleus
Steroids
59
A. Sterol found in membrane that is amphipathic
B. Chemical name
A. Cholesterol
B. Perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene Ring
60
A. Regulates membrane fluidity
B. Polar
A. Nonpolar fused ring
B. Hydroxyl group
61
Esterified form of cholesterol
Very hydrophobic
No polar groups (OH)
Cholesteryl ester
62
A. Amphipathic derivatives of cholesterol
B. Synthesized? Stored?
A. Bile salts
B. Liver; Gallbladder
63
Aids in digestion of fats
Emulsifying agent
64
A. Contains steroid nucleus
B. Travel to?
A. Steroid hormones
B. Aid of carrier
65
Steroid hormones, namely:
Testosterone
Progesterone
Estrone, Estrogen
Cortisone and Cortisol
Aldosterone
66
Long hydrocarbon tails
Extremely hydrophobic
Wax (paraffin)
67
Protective coating — hair/skin
Lanolin
68
A. Core of hydrophobic lipids
B. Surrounded by?
C. Shape
D. Size
A. Lipoproteins
B. Amphipathic proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol
C. Spherical
D. 10-1,200 nm
69
Protein part of LPP
Apolipoproteins
70
A. Larger core regions (the larger the LPP, the more lipid relative to CHON)
B. Contains?
A. Large LPP
B. More TAG/cholesteryl esters
71
Classifications.... — Centrifugation
Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL
72
Travels....
A. Chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. LDL
D. HDL
A. won't move in electrophoresis
B. Beta region
C. Pre beta region
D. Alpha region
73
Percentage:
Chylomicrons
A. Triglycerides
B. Protein
A. 80%-90%
B. 2%
74
Percentage:
VLDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein
A. 55%-65%
B. 10%
C. 5-10%
75
Percentage:
LDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein
A. 10%
B. 50%
C. 25%
76
Percentage:
HDL
A. Triglycerides
B. Cholesterol
C. Protein
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 50%
