Lec Flashcards
Which is not a pyrimidine base?
a. cytosine
b. thymine
c. uracil
d. guanine
d. guanine
Where do Z-DNA mostly present?
a. In DNA- RNA hybrids
b. Chromosomal DNA
c. In a sequence of alternating purines
d. RNA- RNA double-stranded regions
c. In a sequence of alternating purines
This is a type of topoisomerase where it cut the phosphodiester backbone of one strand of DNA, passes the other end through, and then reseals the backbone
Class 1 topoisomerase
Which of the following is true about DNA replication?
a. Manufacturing new DNA strands are orchestrated by ligases.
b. The steps of replication in prokaryotic organisms are different from those of eukaryotic organisms
c. The leading strand is synthesized in the 2’ to ‘direction.
d. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes begin in DNA strands with a small primer of RNA
d. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes begin in DNA strands with a small primer of RNA.
It is a type of nucleic acid made up of one of the four heterocyclic bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.
DNA
It consist of DNA wrapped around a histone core.
Nucleosome
This antibiotic can bind to the bacterial ribosome subunit, blocking the exit of growing peptide chain.
Erythromycin
It is the biochemical process by which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves
DNA Replication
This is unbranched polymer containing the monomer units called nucleotides.
Nucleic Acids
Which of the following DOES NOT belong to the
group?
a. Mitochondrial matrix
b. Inner membrane
c. Cristae
d. Cell wall
d. Cell wall
Which of the following is the correct pair?
a. FAD – Flavin Adenosine Dinucleotide
b. ATP – Adenine Triphosphate
c. NAD – Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide
d. CoA – Coenzyme A
c. NAD – Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide
(1) – Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate condense to form citryl CoA
(2) The enzyme involved in both reactions within this step is citrate dehydrogenase
(3) Second part of the reaction requires dehydrogenation of a thioester bond
(4) Products of this step are citrate, CoA-SH, and H+
Which of the following is/are true?
1 and 4
(1) – Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate condense to form citryl CoA
(2) The enzyme involved in both reactions within this step is citrate dehydrogenase
(3) Second part of the reaction requires dehydrogenation of a thioester bond
(4) Products of this step are citrate, CoA-SH, and H+
Which of the following is/are not true?
2 and 3
This is a series of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH2 are passed to intermediate carriers and then ultimately react with molecular oxygen to produce water
Electron Transport Chain
Which of the following is not a product of b-oxidation of fatty acids?
a. Acetyl CoA
b. Acyl CoA
c. NADH
d. FAD
d. FAD
Which of the following is NOT true about the electron transport chain?
a. Water is formed as a product of the transfer of electrons and hydronium ions.
b. The enzymes and electron carriers required for ETC are located along the inner mitochondrial membrane.
c. Complex IV is the largest protein complex that carries electrons in the electron transport chain.
d. CoQ shuttles the electrons from Complex I and II to Complex III
c. Complex IV is the largest protein complex that carries electrons in the electron transport chain.
Which complex protein utilizes FADH2 generated from the conversion of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle?
Complex II
What biochemical process synthesizes ATP from ADP as a result of electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH or FADH2?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Which of the following statement is TRUE on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in our body?
a. Gastric juice does not affect digestion
b. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides happens in the stomach
c. Complete hydrolysis of glycosidic linkages occur in the mouth
d. Hydrolysis of polysaccharides occurs in the intestinal lining
a. Gastric juice does not affect digestion
During oxidation and phosphorylation using inorganic phosphate in glycolysis, what enzyme helps catalyze Fructose 1,6 biphosphate into DHAP and G3P?
Aldolase
The breakdown of triglycerides by lipases is under
hormonal control of the following except______
a. Epinephrine
b. Progesterone
c. Insulin
d. Glucagon
b. Progesterone
In the isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate form 2-phosphoglycerate, what carbons are involved in the migration of the phosphate group?
From C3 to C2
Which of the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
Which of the is not a product of b-oxidation of fatty acids?
a. Acetyl CoA
b. Acyl CoA
c. NADH
d. FAD
d. FAD
The primary site for carbohydrate is located in the small intestine. In this phase of carbohydrate digestion, the enzyme a-amylase aids digestion again. What organ does a-amylase enzyme come from?
Pancreas
In the first step of six carbon stage of glycolysis, phosphorylation of glucose occurs to lead glucose 6 phosphate with the help of what enzyme?
Hexokinase
What is the end-product of glycolysis in aerobic conditions?
Acetyl CoA
This is a biochemical process by which NADH is oxidized to NAD+ without the need for oxygen
Fermentation
This is a metabolic pathway in which glycogen is synthesized from glucose 6-phosphate
Glycogenesis
On the first step of glycogenesis, the formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate is catalyzed by an enzyme called phosphoglucomutase. The complete conversion from 6-phosphate to 1-phosphate is a process called _____.
Isomerization
In the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, how many NADPH molecules are produced per molecule of glucose 6-phosphate?
2
During glycogenesis, in the formation of UDP-glucose (uridine diphosphate glucose), glucose 1-phosphate must be activated before it can be added to growing chains of glycogen. For this to be possible, a high-energy activator must be added. What is this activator compound?
Uridine triphosphate
What are the products of the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG)?
1 monoacylglycerol and 2 fatty acids
Which of the following describes the first step of triacylglycerol mobilization?
a. Phosphorylation of a primary hydroxyl group of the glycerol
b. Oxidation of the secondary group of glycerol
c. Activation of fatty acid by forming a bond with a coenzyme A
d. Transport of fatty acid
a. Phosphorylation of a primary hydroxyl group of the glycerol
The pyruvate is formed in the cytosol after glycolysis, it then crosses two mitochondrial membranes and enters which part of the mitochondria where the oxidation occurs.
Matrix
Which of the following information about digestion and absorption of protein is NOT true?
a. Protein digestion starts in the mouth
b. Active transport of amino acids occurs in the intestinal lining
c. Denaturation of protein is due to HCl in the stomach
d. Carboxypeptides hydrolyzes peptide bonds in the small intestine
a. Protein digestion starts in the mouth
What fuel the urea cycle
Carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate
This is the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the human body as protein equals the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste materials.
Nitrogen balance
This is a condition that occurs when there is excess bilirubin in the blood.
jaundice
What is the secondary fuel in the urea cycle?
Aspartate
It is a group of conditions in which a defect in tyrosine metabolism results in the deficiency in the production of melanin
Albinism
This is caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, is the most common clinically encountered inborn error of amino acid metabolism
Phenylketonuria
These are highly specialized cells whose primary function is deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from body tissues
Red blood cells
