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Anatomy and Physiology > Lec #10 - Muscles > Flashcards

Lec #10 - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘Rectus’ mean?

A

parallel to midline

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2
Q

What does ‘Transverse’ mean?

A

perpendicular to midline

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3
Q

What is the term for largest muscle?

A

Maximus

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4
Q

What is the term for the smallest muscle?

A

Minimus

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5
Q

What does major vs minor mean when referring to muscles?

A

larger vs smaller

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6
Q

What does latissimus mean?

A

Widest muscle

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7
Q

What does serratus mean?

A

Saw-tooth shaped

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8
Q

What site moves vs what site is station during muscle contraction?

A

Origin - stationary
Insertion - moves during contraction (usually more distal)

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9
Q

What does agonist mean for muscle movement?

A

Prime mover (causes the desired movement)

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10
Q

What does antagonist mean for muscle movement?

A

opposing muscle relaxes (antagonist causes movement antagonist relaxes)

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11
Q

What does a synergist muscle do?

A

Steadies a movement

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12
Q

What does a tendon attach?

A

muscle to bone

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13
Q

What is the antagonist and agonist for elbow flexion?

A

Bicep flexes elbow - tricep is antagonist
-> for extension opposite

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14
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

bone to bone (eg -> ACL femur to tibia)

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15
Q

What is the insertion and origin for the Sternocleidomastoids muscles - and what do they do when contracted.

A

Origin - Medial end of clavicle
Insertion - Mastoid process of occipital bone

-> when contract will extend the neck (raise chin)
- if only one side contracts head is pulled towards that side.

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16
Q

What are the superficial back muscles? ** know

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Rhomboid Major
  4. Levator Scapulae
  5. Teres Major

T LRL T
The Little Red Lizard Twerks.
* Slide 17 label diagram *

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17
Q

What does the trapezius muscle do?

A

Contraction of it - shoulder moves up and back

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18
Q

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

A

Causes internal rotation of the shoulder

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19
Q

Where does the levator scapula insert?

A

Attaches at the superior angle of the scapula

Origin - transverse process of c1

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20
Q

What superficial back muscle do MRT’s need to ‘work on’

A

Rhomboids Major and Minor - caused scapula to move laterally.

  • raising arms (scapula goes laterally) - will fatigue rhomboid muscles
  • can work them out with rows.
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21
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the Teres Major?

A

Origin - Posterior Scapula (inferior angle)
Insertion - Medial part of bicipital groove

If contracts - internal rotation at the shoulder joint.

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22
Q

What are the 3 deep back muscles?
-> Erector spinae group

A

’ I like Standing ‘
- Iliocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis

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23
Q

What are the two superficial Anterior Trunk Muscles?
- What insertion for both?

A

Pectoralis Major
I - greater tubercle

Deltoid
I - deltoid tuberosity

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24
Q

What are the two deep trunk muscles?

A

Pectoralis Minor
I - Coracoid process

Serratus Anterior
I - Medial border of inferior angle of scapula

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25
What do the intercostal muscles do?
EIEIO External Intercostals Elevate during Inspiration (expand thorax) Internal intercostals - draw ribs together during forced expiration
26
What is the most important muscle for breathing?
- Diaphragm (75% responsible) - other 25% is External intercostal muscles
27
How would COPD appear on an x-ray?
- Diaphragm flatten out instead of curved.
28
What are the 4 Anterior Abdominal Muscles?
External Oblique (angled toward midline) Internal Oblique (deeper in body) Transverse Abdominus (perpendicular to MSP) Rectus Abdominus (parallel to midline) - forms the 6 pack appearance
29
What is the deepest abdominal muscle
- Transverse Abdominus
30
What are the Rotator Cuff Muscles? ** Know origin and insertion for each
SITS 1. - Supraspinatus 2. - Infraspinatus 3. - Teres Minor 4. - Subscapularis Origins 1. Supraspinous fossa 2. Infraspinous Fossa 3. Lateral border of scapula 4. Subscapular fossa Insertions 1. Greater Tuberosity 2. Greater tuberosity 3. Greater Tuberosity 4. Lesser Tuberosity (All 3 muscles from back of scapula attach to greater tuberosity)
31
What are the 3 forearm flexor muscles?
1. Biceps Brachii (Bi - 2 insertions) -> Long Head (Superior glenoid) -> Short head (Coracoid process) Insertion (radial tuberosity) 2. Brachialis -> Most powerful flexor in the elbow joint *** 3. Brachioradialis
32
What is a SLAP lesion?
Labrum tear - Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) - need to inject contrast to see on MRI
33
Which muscle is the most powerful flexor in the elbow joint?
The Brachialis (forearm flexor)
34
What are the forearm extensor muscles?
Triceps Brachii (3 heads) - Long head - Lateral head - Medial Head -> All insert on olecranon process - extends the elbow
35
What movement is the anterior compartment of the forearm responsible for?
- Flexion of wrist and fingers ** -> also pronation of forearm and hand
36
What is overuse of the anterior forearm muscles called?
- Golfers Elbow
37
Anterior muscles of the forearm - where do they all originate and insert?
- All originate - medial epicondyle of humerus - All insert on carpals or metacarpals
38
What is overuse of the posterior forearm muscles called?
- Tennis Elbow
39
What movement are the posterior forearm muscles responsible for?
Extension of the wrist and fingers.
40
What are the 2 muscles associated with hip flexion?
1. - Iliopsoas muscles -> made up by - Psoas Major (T12 -> lesser troch) - the Iliacus (Sacrum -> lesser troch) 2. - Sartorius muscle - origin (ASIS)
41
What hip muscle is commonly damaged by adolescent sprinters and why?
- typically the sartorius muscle. - sprinters may avulse their ASIS when training - sartorius muscle originates at the ASIS To view would do a 45 oblique affected side down.
42
How would you x-ray a damaged Sartorius muscle? (Hip flexor)
- 45 Oblique affected side down (ASIS)
43
Where do all hip adductor muscles originate?
The pubic bone - (all pointed towards midline) - know how to identify on x-ray -but don't need to know names of each muscle.
44
What muscle group is responsible for hip adduction?
Medial Thigh Muscles
45
What muscles are responsible for hip Abduction/Extension?
- Posterior muscles on hip 1. Gluteus Maximus 2. Gluteus Minimus 3. Gluteus Medius
46
Where do the gluteus muscles insert?
IT band (Iliotibial) and greater troch
47
What are the 4 muscles for knee extension?
Quadriceps Femoris Group 1. Rectus Femoris 2. Vastus Lateralis 3. Vastus Medialis 4. Vastus Intermedius (Vastus means Huge)
48
Where do the 4 Quadriceps Femoris muscles insert?
-> All 4 come together to insert on the Tibial Tuberosity
49
What is Myositis Ossificans?
If pt gets hit deeply in leg – blood can potentially form bone - treat w/ ultrasound
50
What are the 3 muscles for knee flexion?
Hamstrings 1. Biceps Femoris 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus - Causes Flexion at the knee and extension at the hip
51
Where do all 3 'hamstring' muscles originate
- part of all 3 muscles originate at the ischial tuberosity - and all insert at same'ish' spot on the tibia
52
How would you image a torn hamstring muscle?
for left side: RPO 30 - cephalad 15
53
What muscles are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
- Anterior lower leg 1. Tibialis Anterior 2. Extensor Hallucis Longus 3. Extensor Digitorum Longus 4. Fibularis Tertius
54
Where does the Tibialis anterior insert and whats it origin?
- Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane - Insertion: Medial Cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
55
What does contraction of the tibialis anterior cause?
- Contraction of muscle – dorsiflexion (of foot) and inversion (roll ankle)
56
What does the extensor hallucis longus do?
extends big toe
57
What does the extensor digitorus longus do?
extends toes 2-5
58
What are the 2 lateral lower leg muscles?
1. Fibularis Longus 2. Fibularis Brevis (one is short and one is long) -> Plantar Flexion and eversion) - pulls outside of root up
59
What is a jones vs avulsion fracture?
Jones fracture - serious disrupts blood flow (needs to fix) Avulsion fracture - will heal on its own (fracture is more distal)
60
What are the 2 posterior lower leg muscles?
1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus - all calf muscles insert and become Achilles tendon (inserts of calcaneus tuberosity)
61
Which posterior lower leg muscle is deeper? the soleus or the gastrocnemius?
The soleus is deeper.
62
What is a fabella and where is it found? **know
Normal calcification in the Lateral Head of the Gastrocnemius muscle. ***
63
What are the 4 deep posterior lower leg muscles?
1. Popliteus 2. Tibialis Posterior 3. Flexor Digitorum longus 4. Flexor Hallucis Longus Plantar flexion Plantar flex ankle joint Flex toes

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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