lec 10 lab 9 - stress

Question 1

SNS vs PNS

Answer 1

Think of the sympathetic nervous system as your body’s “fight or flight” system. When it’s activated, it gears you up for action—your heart beats faster, your breathing quickens, and you feel alert and ready to respond to a threat.

On the other hand, the parasympathetic nervous system is like the “rest and digest” system. It’s all about calming you down and conserving energy after the danger has passed. It slows your heart rate, helps with digestion, and promotes relaxation.

In summary, sympathetic gets you ready for action, while parasympathetic helps you chill out and rest.

Question 2

steroid hormone (synthesized, found where and soluble to what?)

Answer 2

steroid hormones - synthesized from cholesterol

• gonads, adrenal cortex, skin (testosterone, cortisol)
• lipid soluble

Question 3

peptide hormone (synthesized, found where and soluble to what?)

Answer 3

peptide hormones - synthesized by pineal gland / thyroid (eg. insulin)

• chains of amino acids
• water soluble, need receptors on cell surface

Question 4

amine (synthesized, found where and soluble to what?)

Answer 4

amine hormones

• modified amino acids
• eg. melatonin, epinephrine, dopamine etc.
• some water soluble and some lipid soluble

Question 5

mammalian nutrient metabolism (glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids)

Answer 5

glucagon → increases blood glucose levels, promotes breakdown of triacylglycerols to increase levels of free fatty acids and glycerol

epinephrine → increases blood glucose levels, inhibits insulin release and antagonizes glucose uptake by cells, stimulates glucagon and ACTH secretion

glucocorticoids → enhances actions of glucagon and catecholamines, increase blood glucose levels by antagonizing cellular glucose uptake

Question 6

synergism vs antagonism

Answer 6

synergism - one hormone amplifies action of another

antagonism - one hormone opposes action of another