Lec 1 Part 1 Flashcards
Parasitology
The study of parasites, their host, and the relationship between them.
Tropical medicine
A branch of medicine that deals with tropical diseases and other problems in tropical regions.
Parasitology
Area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism to another.
Medical parasitology
Concerns with parasites in humans and their medical significance
Veterinary parasitology
Study of parasites in animals.
Structural Parasitology
Study of the structure and physical forms of parasitic proteins
A field in parasitology that includes protein expression, protein purification, and crystallography
Structural Parasitology
Quantitative parasitology
Compares the measures of infection in the sample of the host
Ecology
The interaction between the environment and the host
It is the growth of the parasite. From immature to mature/infectious stage
Life cycle
The study of conservation of parasites
Conservation biology of parasites
Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
The classification, identification, and naming of parasites
Symbiosis
The close interaction of 2 organisms. The state of living together.
2 types of symbiotic relationship
Phoresis & Commensalism
Phoresis
An organism (phoront) is carried by the host without harming the host.
Commensalism
One member benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor benefits.
A specialized type of commensalism wherein both organisms benefit from one another. They need each other to survive.
Mutualism
Parasitism
One organism benefits from the host while harming the host
An organism that lives on or in the host
Parasite
Types of parasites according to metabolic dependency.
Obligate / strict parasite
Facultative parasite
A facultative parasite that invades and colonizes the host’s brain and other tissues
Amphizoic
Spurios
The parasite merely passes into the body and comes out
Definitive / Final host
- sexually multiplies
- releases infectious forms
Intermediate host
- may multiply asexually
- undergoes developmental stage
Reservoir host
- parasite lives and multiplies without harming the host
Paratenic / Dormant host
- Parasite does not develop further
- remains alive and infects another host
Exposure
The process of inoculating an infective agent to an organism
Infection
- Establishment of infective agent
Infestation
Presence of ectoparasite
Pathogen
Organism that causes harm to host
Carrier
Harbors the pathogen but asymptotic.
Incubation (clinical incubation period)
Period between infection and evidence of symptoms
Pre-patent (biological incubation period)
Period between the infection and evidence of infection
2 common parasites that causes AUTO INFECTION or SUPER INFECTION
- Capillaria philipinensis
- Strongyloides stercoralis
Source of exposure to infection:
Contaminated soil & water
Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworms
Source of exposure to infection:
Food containing parasite
Cestodes, trematodes
Source of exposure to infection:
Blood sucking vectors
Plasmodium spp, Filarial worms
Source of exposure to infection:
Domestic or wild animals
Taxoplasma spp, Hymenolepis nana
Source of exposure to infection:
Fomites
Entamoeba histolyctica
Source of exposure to infection:
Oneself
- enterobius vermicularis
- capillaria philipinensis
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Hymenolepis nana
Source of exposure to infection:
Sexual intercourse
Giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis
Prevalence
Number of individuals of a population estimated to be infected with a particular parasite species at a given time
Cumulative Prevalence
Percentage of individuals in a population infected with at least one parasite
Intensity of infection
Refers to the number of worms in each individual. AKA Worm burden
Morbidity
Rate of incidence of a disease
Endemic
Moderate and steady level of disease
Hyperendemic
Prevalence of disease is high
Epidemic
Sharp rise of incidence. Outbreak.
Sporadic
Disease appears sporadically/occasionally in places the infection is not commonly observed
Endemicity
Sudden development of enhanced pathogenicity
Epizoology
Knowledge of the frequency of disease in animal communities
Enzootic
It is Prevalent among animals in a specific geographical area
Constantly present in a location
Epizootic
Affecting animals of one kind at the same time
Parazootic
Affecting animals from many species
The order of the classification of organism: (7)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genera / Genus
Species
