lec 1 orthodontics Flashcards by Phoebe Estonido

who defined orthodontics as:

branch of Dentistry, concerned

with the study of:

§ growth of craniofacial
§ development of occlusion
§ treatment of dentofacial
abnormalities

Moyers

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who defined:

“specific area of dental profession that has its
responsibility the study and supervision of growth &
development of dentition and its related anatomical
structures from birth to dental maturity, including
all preventive & corrective procedures of dental
irregularities requiring the repositioning of teeth
by functional & mechanical means to establish
normal occlusion & pleasing facial contours

American Board of Orthodontics

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comes from 2 Greek Words
ü “Orthos”: _________
ü “Dons”:_________

right or correct
tooth

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Orthodontia was first used by Frenchman ____________________

Le Foulon in 1839

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Branches of Orthodontics

Ø Preventive Orthodontics
Ø Interceptive Orthodontics
Ø Corrective Orthodontics

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ü action taken to preserve integrity of what appears to be normal occlusion at specific time

Preventive Orthodontics

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ü maintenance of tooth form
§ proper restoration

Preventive Orthodontics

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ü elimination of deleterious local habits involving dentofacial structure

Preventive Orthodontics

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ü correction of contributory
causes such as
§ incorrect posture
§ malnutrition

Preventive Orthodontics

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ü timely removal of individual teeth

Preventive Orthodontics

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ü use of space maintainers
§ after premature loss
of deciduous teeth

Preventive Orthodontics

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phase of science & art of
Orthodontics

§ employed to recognize & eliminate potential
irregularities & malpositions in developing Dentofacial Complex

Interceptive Orthodontics

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true or false:
certain procedure under
preventive & interceptive
Orthodontics fields may
overlap

true

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recognizes the existence of a malocclusion

Corrective Orthodontics

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common appliances used in the correction of cross bite

ü Tongue Blade Therapy
ü Quadhelix Apppliance
ü Inclined Planes

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recognizes the need for
employing certain technical procedures to
reduce and eliminate problem

Corrective Orthodontics

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Aims of Orthodontic Treatment

Ø should not only satisfy patient’s esthetics desires but also certain functional & physiologic requirements

Ø Jackson Triad
ü Functional Efficiency
ü Structural Balance
ü Esthetic Harmony

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ü teeth along with their
surrounding structures are required to perform
certain important functions

Functional Efficiency

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treatment should increase efficiency of the function performed by stomatognathic system

Functional Efficiency

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structures affected by
treatment include, not
only teeth but also
surrounding soft tissue
envelop & associated
skeletal structures

Structural Balance

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ü treatment should maintain
a balance between
these structures

Structural Balance

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correction of should not
be detrimental to the
health of another

Structural Balance

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treatment should increase overall esthetic appeal

Esthetic Harmony

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may require:
§ alignment of teeth
§ forward movement of
complete jaw including
its basal bone

Esthetic Harmony

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Scope of Orthodontics

Ø (1) Moving teeth Ø (2) Orthopedic change Ø (3) Altering soft tissue envelop

ü without deleterious effects into more ideal locations

Moving teeth

ü use of functional appliances ü possible to move entire jaws into favorable positions

Orthopedic Change

Orthodontist can help retain or restrain soft tissues & bring about a change in them: § by altering position of teeth & jaws

Altering Soft Tissue Envelop

Scope of Orthodontics Ø directed to ___________ Ø _____________ of the complex of craniofacial bones

malocclusion abnormal growth

Scope of Orthodontics Ø malfunction of orofacial neuromasculature which alone or in combination may cause: ü (1) ____________ ü (2) ______________ ü (3) _______________ ü (4) _______________ ü (5)______________ ü (6)______________

impaired mastication unfortunate facial esthetics dysfunction of temporomandibular articulation susceptibility to periodontal cause susceptibility to dental caries impaired speech due to malpositions of teeth

Interceptive Appliance Types:

ü Band and Loop ü Soldered Fixed Lingual Arch or Mandibular Holding Arch ü Transpalatal Arch ü Nance Appliance

1st to draw attention towards association of teeth to jaw structures

Hippocrates (460-377 BC)

1st recorded method of treatment

Celsus (125 BC-50AD)

suggested 1st mechanical treatment for correcting irregularities

Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny) (AD 23-79)

advocated filing of elongated teeth to produce proper alignment

Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny) (AD 23-79)

1st to mention supernumerary teeth

Paul of Aegina (AD 625-690)

1st to mention “separators” for teeth § to open or widen teeth when they are set too close together

Piette Dionis (AD 625-690)

1st to mention casts in Dentistry

Matthacus Gottfried Purmana (1962)

used wax as impression material

Matthacus Gottfried Purmana (1962)

1st to report Plaster of paris for impressions

Phillip Pfall (1756)

Father of Modern Dentistry

Pierre Fauchard (1728)

1st to use the title “surgeon-dentist”

Pierre Fauchard (1728)

made the 1st comprehensive discussion of regulating teeth

Pierre Fauchard (1728)

In his Treatise on Dentistry published in 1728 § Discussed bandelette o Expansion arch

Pierre Fauchard (1728)

§ Discussed bandelette o Expansion arch

Pierre Fauchard (1728)

wrote about irregularities of teeth & their correction Natural History of Human Teeth (1771 and 1778)

John Hunter (1728-1793)

recognized habit as a factor in malocclusion

Joseph Sigmond (1825)

1st mentioned thumbsucking as a cause of dental abnormalities

William Imrie (1834)

coined the term Orthodontia

Le Foulon (1839)

presented the 1st obturator to a cleft palate patient

Norman William Kingsley (1859)

1st outstanding work devoted exclusively to Orthodontics - Treatise on Irregularities of the Teeth & their Correction

John Nutting Farrar (1839-1913)

presented his classification of maloclusion (1887)

Edward H Angle

started his 1st school in Orthodontics in St. Louis

Edward H Angle

proponent of non-extraction school of thought

Edward H Angle

developed appliances: § E-arch § Pin & Tube appliance § Ribbon Arch appliance § Edgewise appliance

Edward H Angle

comprised of ligatures from a heavy (0.036" - 0.060" gold) labial arch that brought misaligned teeth to the line of occlusion

E-ARCH

these pins were repositioned at each appointment through the process of resoldering to effect gradual straightening of the arch to ideal

PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCE (1910)

soft gold 0.022 x 0.028 inch slot slot was readily deformed by the forces of occlusion

original bracket (evolution of edgewise brackets)

evolution of edgewise appliance _________________(1915) brackets

the ribbon arch

stressed importance of root movement (1892)

Calvin S. Case

1st to use elastics for treatment

Calvin S. Case

advocated use of light resilient wires for tooth alignment (1917)

Calvin S. Case

pioneered the use of retainers to stabilize Orthodontic results

Calvin S. Case

opposed Angle school of universal applicability of normal occlusion theory § advocated extractions as part of Orthodontic treatment

Calvin S. Case

wrote the book Practical Orthodontics

Martin Dewey (1914)

founded the International Journal of Orthodontics § now called American Journal of Orthodontics & Orthopedics

Martin Dewey (1914)

made a modification on Angle’s classification of malocclusion

Martin Dewey (1914)

presented Begg appliance § modification of ribbon arch appliance § used extremely light forces for treatment

Raymond Begg (1930)

introduced light wire fixed appliance technique that was based on the concept of differential force

Raymond Begg (1930)

was instrumental in founding American Board of Orthodontics investigated the problem of root resorption

Albert H. Ketcham (1870-1935)

his study did much to alert the profession § pathological results of improperly guided treatment § awaken the feeling of “ biological sense”

Albert H. Ketcham (1870-1935)

ü was one of the 12 men to take Angle’s course in Orthodontics ü helped Angle with the experiment on the new pin and tube appliance

Milo Hellman (1872-1947)

pioneered the use of wrist and hand x-rays § determine growth age & status for patients

Milo Hellman (1872-1947)