Lec 1 Mendelian Peas Flashcards
Genetics is the study of
inheritance and variation in traits and heritable trait variation
Genetics matters bc
behavior, agriculture, conservation, origins, diseases, and biotechnology
How to determine gene function
study trait variation in natural populations
study novel mutations
Phenotype to
genotype
Forward gentics:
Phenotype to genotype collects mutants with
phenotype of interest
Forward gentics
Phenotype to genotype cross mutants to
wild type to determine how many genes are involved and dominance
Forward Gentics:
Phenotype to genotype ID the mutants and
deduce the molecular functions of the genes
Forward genetics:
Phenotype to genotype deduce how the
gene interacts with other genes to control the trait
The seven phenotypic pairs studied by Mendel
round or wrinkled ripe seeds
Yellow or green seeds
purple or white petals
inflated or pinched ripe pods
green or yellow unripe pods
axial or terminal flowers
long or short stems
Cross pollination
transfer of pollen with a brush and pollinate the other plant == self pollination?? check notes
Selfing
transfer pollen to stigma
Mendel’s crosses resulted in speific
phenotypic ratios
Mendel’s first law
law of equal segregation
a hereditary factor, a gene controls
trait
the parent has a pair of the
gene
the gene comes in
two forms a allele
an individual may be
homozygous or heterozygous for an allele
Homozygous
2 copies of same allele
Heterozygous
1 copy of one allele
other parent has other copy of an allele
in a heterozygote the allele that determines the phenotype is
dominant and the other is recessive
the members of a gene pair separate equally into
gametes during meiosis
gametes contain one member of the gene pair
gametes fuse randomly to form
zygotes
Zygotes
a fertilized egg the first cell to develop into a progeny individual
