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MICRO 1 > Lec 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Lec 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

father of bacteriology

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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2
Q
  • the first to describe bacteria with a simple microscope
  • he described the three major forms of bacteria
A

Anton van leeuwenhoek (1677)

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3
Q

Who developed the compound microscope?

A

Robert hooke (1678)

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4
Q

The first to propose the theory of biogenesis

A

Rudolf virchow (1858)

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5
Q
  • he concluded the source of contamination by filtering microorganisms from air
  • he demonstrated the fermentation of fruits and grains
  • develop the chicken cholera vaccine, anthrax vaccine and rabies vaccine
A

Louis pasteur

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6
Q

He proved that dust carried germ

A

John tyndall

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7
Q

What is tyndallization

A

The process wherein Bacterial spores are killed by successive heating

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8
Q

A monk in the 13th century who postulated that diseases were caused by invisible living creatures called germs

A

Roger bacon

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9
Q
  • He introduced aseptic surgery
  • develop the first pure culture technique using liquid medium
A

Joseph lister

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10
Q

In 1882 he discovered tubercle bacilli

A

Robert koch

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11
Q

Germ theory of disease by louis pasteur

A

Each specific infectious disease is caused by a specific organism

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12
Q

Spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) theory

A

Life could develop spontaneously from decomposing, non-living material

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13
Q
  • minute unicellular organisms
  • found anywhere
  • has all the necessary protoplasmic equipment for growth and self multiplication
A

Bacteria

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14
Q

[ TRUE or FALSE ]

Bacteria do NOT have a sexual growth cycle and some can produce asexual spores.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

BACTERIA:

  1. If the bacteria causes a disease
  2. If no harm is done by the bacteria
  3. Examples of bacterial infection
A
  1. Pathogen
  2. Normal flora organism
  3. Acne, sore throat (tonsillitis)
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16
Q

A simple obligate Intracellular Parasite

A

Virus

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17
Q
  1. What are the two parts (structure) of the virus?
  2. A layer that sometimes covers the capsid
  3. Examples of viral infections
A
  1. A. Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)
    B. Capsid: a protein coat protecting the nucleic acid
  2. Envelope
  3. Common colds & SARS COV 2
18
Q
  1. It is the study of fungi
  2. What are the two forms of fungi?
  3. Which form is unicellular
  4. Which form is multicellular
  5. An example of fungal infection and its causative agent.
A
  1. Mycology
  2. Yeast & Mold
  3. Yeast
  4. Mold
  5. Tinea versicolor - by Malassezia furfur
19
Q

The study of cells, molecules, and mechanisms involved in immunity

A

Immunology

20
Q

A mechanism that helps eliminate foreign organisms from the body

A

Phagocytosis

21
Q

Genotypic Characteristics:

  1. It determines the proportion of Guanine and Cytosine in relation to the total DNA base content
  2. It looks at how the DNA bases are arranged sequentially through a test.
  3. The test in #2?
A
  1. DNA base composition ratio
  2. Nucleic acid base sequence analysis (homology)
  3. Nucleic acid hybridization
22
Q

Organisms in this kingdom were undifferentiated & unicellular organisms that do NOT form specialized tissues of higher plants & animals

A

Protist

23
Q

A theory by Theodore Schwann & Matthias Schleiden

A

all living things are composed of cells

24
Q

Examples of:

  1. Prokaryotes
  2. Eukaryotes
A
  1. Bacteria, archaea
  2. Fungi, algae, protozoa, animals, plants
25
Q

Give the Representative Specie with their disease:

  1. Tightly coiled, corkscrew appearance
  2. Extremely long undulating bacillary form
  3. Less tightly coiled, sharp hook like bends at the end of if the cell
A
  1. Treponema pallidum: syphilis
  2. Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme disease
  3. Leptospira interrogans: leptospirosis
26
Q
  1. Smallest known pathogenic BACILLI
  2. Largest known pathogenic BACILLI
A
  1. Haemophilus influenzae
  2. Bacillis anthracis
27
Q

Types of electron microscopy

  1. It allows the visualization of internal structures of a bacterial cell
  2. It provides a 3D view of the surface structures
A
  1. Transmission
  2. Scanning
28
Q

Examples of:

  1. Simple staining
  2. Differential staining
A
  1. Dilute carbol fuchsin, methylene blue
  2. Gram staining & acid fast staining
29
Q

All COCCI are Gram (+)

Except?

A
  • Neisseria group
  • Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis
  • Veillonella
30
Q

All BACILLI are Gram (–)

Except?

A
  • acid fast organisms (mycobacterium, nocardia)
  • sporeformers (bacillus, clostridium)
  • corynebacterium spp.
31
Q

Gram stain

In what organism is Magnesium Ribonucleate found?

A

Gram (+) organism

32
Q

The absence of this will render an organism NON-ACID FAST

A

Long chain mycolic acid

33
Q
  1. A glycocalyx made up of organized repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cell surface
  2. Example
A
  1. Capsule
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
    Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Haemophilus influenzae
    Bacillus anthracis
    Clostridium perfringens
34
Q
  1. A glycocalyx when it is loose and water soluble
  2. Examples
A
  1. Slime layer
  2. Sarcina & Bacteroides species
35
Q

Purpose of capsule/slime layer

A
  • protects cell from dessication
  • ability to survive and cause disease
  • Vi antigen
  • a feature of numerous pathogenic prokaryotes
36
Q
  1. This structure is only found in gram (–) bacteria
  2. Components
A
  1. Outer membrane (and Perplasmic space)
  2. Phospholipid bilayer
    » lipid A & polysaccharides
    Porin
    Lipoprotein layer
37
Q

The bacterial cell wall is composed of two regularly alternating sugars which are:

A
  • NAG (N-acetylglucosamine)
  • NAM (N-acetylmuramic acid)
38
Q

This is formed when layers of peptidoglycan sheets enclose the organism

A

Murein Sacculus

39
Q

The 3 parts of a flagellum

A
  • Long thin filament
  • hook
  • rod/basal body
40
Q

Examples of:

  1. Monotrichous
  2. Lophotrichous
  3. Amphitrichous
  4. Peritrichous
  5. Atrichous
A
  1. Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  2. Pseudomonas spp.
  3. Pseudomonas spp.
  4. Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris
  5. Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae

MICRO 1 (2 decks)

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